Journal ArticleDOI
Viral Load and Heterosexual Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
Thomas C. Quinn,Maria J. Wawer,Nelson K. Sewankambo,David Serwadda,Chuanjun Li,Fred Wabwire-Mangen,Mary Meehan,Tom Lutalo,Ronald H. Gray +8 more
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TLDR
The viral load is the chief predictor of the risk of heterosexual transmission of HIV-1, and transmission is rare among persons with levels of less than 1500 copies of HIV -1 RNA per milliliter.Abstract:
Background and Methods We examined the influence of viral load in relation to other risk factors for the heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). In a community-based study of 15,127 persons in a rural district of Uganda, we identified 415 couples in which one partner was HIV-1–positive and one was initially HIV-1–negative and followed them prospectively for up to 30 months. The incidence of HIV-1 infection per 100 person-years among the initially seronegative partners was examined in relation to behavioral and biologic variables. Results The male partner was HIV-1–positive in 228 couples, and the female partner was HIV-1–positive in 187 couples. Ninety of the 415 initially HIV-1–negative partners seroconverted (incidence, 11.8 per 100 person-years). The rate of male-to-female transmission was not significantly different from the rate of female-to-male transmission (12.0 per 100 person-years vs. 11.6 per 100 person-years). The incidence of seroconversion was highest among ...read more
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PrEP as Peri-conception HIV Prevention for Women and Men
TL;DR: Data from a randomized trial suggest that peri-conception PrEP use by HIV-seronegative women does not increase the risk of pregnancy loss, birth defects or congenital anomalies, preterm birth, or infant growth faltering.
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Recent Insights into the HIV/AIDS Pandemic.
TL;DR: Much remains to be learned as understanding of the molecular mechanisms used in viral replication and the measures engaged in the evasion of immune surveillance will be important to develop effective interventions to address the global HIV pandemic.
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Herpes simplex virus 2 serostatus and viral loads of HIV-1 in blood and semen as risk factors for HIV transmission among men who have sex with men.
David M. Butler,Davey M. Smith,Edward R. Cachay,George K. Hightower,Charles Thomas Nugent,Douglas D. Richman,Susan J. Little +6 more
TL;DR: Blood and seminal plasma viral load were both associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission, but blood Plasma viral load was the stronger predictor in this cohort.
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Evaluation of PEPFAR
Youth Board on Children,Families +1 more
TL;DR: The IOM evaluation, conducted over four years, drew upon a variety of data sources, including quantitative data, extensive document review, and primary qualitative data collection through more than 400 interviews with diverse stakeholders in PEPfAR partner countries, at PEPFAR’s headquarters, and at other institutions and agencies involved in the global HIV response.
References
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Statistical Methods in Cancer Research
TL;DR: Statistical methods in cancer research as mentioned in this paper, Statistical Methods in Cancer Research, Statistical methods in Cancer research, Statistical methods for cancer research, کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزش
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Statistical methods in cancer research
Journal ArticleDOI
From epidemiological synergy to public health policy and practice: the contribution of other sexually transmitted diseases to sexual transmission of HIV infection.
TL;DR: It is suggested that timely provision of STD services can substantially reduce HIV incidence, but raise additional questions about the optimal way to target and implement these services to achieve the greatest effect on HIV transmission.
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The design and analysis of cohort studies
N. E. Breslow,N. E. Day +1 more
TL;DR: The scope ranges from an account of the elementary and descriptive approaches to cohort analysis to the fitting of regression models for incidence rates with general risk functions, and particular attention is given to the use of a case-control approach embedded in a cohort study.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sexual transmission of HIV
TL;DR: The epidemiology and biology of the host-related factors that affect the sexual transmission of HIV and the host susceptibility and infectiousness environment biologic agent are discussed.
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