Journal ArticleDOI
Viral Load and Heterosexual Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
Thomas C. Quinn,Maria J. Wawer,Nelson K. Sewankambo,David Serwadda,Chuanjun Li,Fred Wabwire-Mangen,Mary Meehan,Tom Lutalo,Ronald H. Gray +8 more
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TLDR
The viral load is the chief predictor of the risk of heterosexual transmission of HIV-1, and transmission is rare among persons with levels of less than 1500 copies of HIV -1 RNA per milliliter.Abstract:
Background and Methods We examined the influence of viral load in relation to other risk factors for the heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). In a community-based study of 15,127 persons in a rural district of Uganda, we identified 415 couples in which one partner was HIV-1–positive and one was initially HIV-1–negative and followed them prospectively for up to 30 months. The incidence of HIV-1 infection per 100 person-years among the initially seronegative partners was examined in relation to behavioral and biologic variables. Results The male partner was HIV-1–positive in 228 couples, and the female partner was HIV-1–positive in 187 couples. Ninety of the 415 initially HIV-1–negative partners seroconverted (incidence, 11.8 per 100 person-years). The rate of male-to-female transmission was not significantly different from the rate of female-to-male transmission (12.0 per 100 person-years vs. 11.6 per 100 person-years). The incidence of seroconversion was highest among ...read more
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Targeted combination prevention to support female sex workers in Zimbabwe accessing and adhering to antiretrovirals for treatment and prevention of HIV (SAPPH-IRe): a cluster-randomised trial.
Frances M. Cowan,Calum Davey,Elizabeth Fearon,Phillis Mushati,Jeffrey Dirawo,Sungai T Chabata,Valentina Cambiano,Sue Napierala,Dagmar Hanisch,Ramona Wong-Gruenwald,Nyasha Masuka,Travor Mabugo,Karin Hatzold,Owen Mugurungi,Joanna Busza,Andrew N. Phillips,James R Hargreaves +16 more
TL;DR: The authors' intervention of a dedicated programme for female sex workers led to high levels of HIV diagnosis and treatment in Zimbabwe, and further research is needed to optimise programme content and intensity for the broader population.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sexual health for people living with HIV.
Katharine Shapiro,Sunanda Ray +1 more
TL;DR: Technological advances in diagnosis of STIs, microbicide development and screening and vaccination for human papillomavirus must be available in developing countries and for those with the highest need globally.
Journal ArticleDOI
Viral load and HIV treatment attitudes as correlates of sexual risk behavior among HIV-positive gay men.
TL;DR: Results suggest that reduced concern about the consequences of HIV infection may be more important than perceived health status as a determinant of risky sex and highlight the need for continued prevention efforts among people who are HIV-positive.
Journal ArticleDOI
Safety, adherence and acceptability of intermittent tenofovir/emtricitabine as HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among HIV-uninfected Ugandan volunteers living in HIV-serodiscordant relationships: a randomized, clinical trial.
Freddie Kibengo,Eugene Ruzagira,David Katende,Agnes N. Bwanika,Ubaldo Bahemuka,Jessica E. Haberer,David R. Bangsberg,Burc Barin,James F. Rooney,David Mark,Paramesh Chetty,Patricia E. Fast,Anatoli Kamali,Frances Priddy +13 more
TL;DR: Adherence was high for daily and fixed intermittent dosing; post-coital dosing was associated with poor adherence; fixed intermittent PrEP regimens may be feasible especially if a minimum effective drug concentration correlating with HIV prevention can be achieved with this dosing.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impact of herpes simplex virus type 2 on HIV-1 acquisition and progression in an HIV vaccine trial (the Step study).
Ruanne V. Barnabas,Judith N. Wasserheit,Yunda Huang,Holly Janes,Rhoda Ashley Morrow,Jonathan D. Fuchs,Karen E Mark,Martin Casapia,Devan V. Mehrotra,Susan Buchbinder,Lawrence Corey +10 more
TL;DR: Among men who have sex with men in an HIV-1 vaccine trial, preexisting HSV-2 infection was a major risk factor for HIV acquisition and it will likely prove more difficult than HSv-2-seropositive persons to protect against HIV infection using vaccines or other prevention strategies.
References
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Statistical Methods in Cancer Research
TL;DR: Statistical methods in cancer research as mentioned in this paper, Statistical Methods in Cancer Research, Statistical methods in Cancer research, Statistical methods for cancer research, کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزش
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Statistical methods in cancer research
Journal ArticleDOI
From epidemiological synergy to public health policy and practice: the contribution of other sexually transmitted diseases to sexual transmission of HIV infection.
TL;DR: It is suggested that timely provision of STD services can substantially reduce HIV incidence, but raise additional questions about the optimal way to target and implement these services to achieve the greatest effect on HIV transmission.
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The design and analysis of cohort studies
N. E. Breslow,N. E. Day +1 more
TL;DR: The scope ranges from an account of the elementary and descriptive approaches to cohort analysis to the fitting of regression models for incidence rates with general risk functions, and particular attention is given to the use of a case-control approach embedded in a cohort study.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sexual transmission of HIV
TL;DR: The epidemiology and biology of the host-related factors that affect the sexual transmission of HIV and the host susceptibility and infectiousness environment biologic agent are discussed.
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