Journal ArticleDOI
Viral Load and Heterosexual Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
Thomas C. Quinn,Maria J. Wawer,Nelson K. Sewankambo,David Serwadda,Chuanjun Li,Fred Wabwire-Mangen,Mary Meehan,Tom Lutalo,Ronald H. Gray +8 more
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TLDR
The viral load is the chief predictor of the risk of heterosexual transmission of HIV-1, and transmission is rare among persons with levels of less than 1500 copies of HIV -1 RNA per milliliter.Abstract:
Background and Methods We examined the influence of viral load in relation to other risk factors for the heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). In a community-based study of 15,127 persons in a rural district of Uganda, we identified 415 couples in which one partner was HIV-1–positive and one was initially HIV-1–negative and followed them prospectively for up to 30 months. The incidence of HIV-1 infection per 100 person-years among the initially seronegative partners was examined in relation to behavioral and biologic variables. Results The male partner was HIV-1–positive in 228 couples, and the female partner was HIV-1–positive in 187 couples. Ninety of the 415 initially HIV-1–negative partners seroconverted (incidence, 11.8 per 100 person-years). The rate of male-to-female transmission was not significantly different from the rate of female-to-male transmission (12.0 per 100 person-years vs. 11.6 per 100 person-years). The incidence of seroconversion was highest among ...read more
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Early Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection in the HIV Network for Prevention Trials Vaccine Preparedness Cohort: Risk Behaviors, Symptoms, and Early Plasma and Genital Tract Virus Load
Connie Celum,Susan Buchbinder,Deborah Donnell,John M. Douglas,Kenneth H. Mayer,Beryl A. Koblin,Michael Marmor,Sam Bozeman,Robert M. Grant,Jorge Flores,Haynes W. Sheppard +10 more
TL;DR: Most subjects had several relatively stable virus loads before initiation of antiretrovirals, indicating feasibility of assessing HIV vaccines on virus set point in efficacy trials.
Journal ArticleDOI
Low perceived risk and high HIV prevalence among a predominantly African American population participating in Philadelphia's Rapid HIV testing program
Amy Nunn,Nickolas Zaller,Alexandra Cornwall,Kenneth H. Mayer,Elya Moore,Samuel Dickman,Curt G. Beckwith,Helena Kwakwa +7 more
TL;DR: Philadelphia's rapid HIV testing program successfully provided HIV testing to many underserved African Americans who underestimate their HIV risk, and greater efforts are needed to encourage more individuals to undergo HIV testing in Philadelphia, particularly those who have never tested.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sexual transmission of HIV-1 among serodiscordant couples in Porto Alegre, southern Brazil.
Marineide Gonçalves de Melo,Breno Santos,Rita Lira,Ivana Varella,Maria Lourdes Turella,Tauí de Melo Rocha,Karin Nielsen-Saines +6 more
TL;DR: Heterosexual transmission occurred more frequently from HIV-infected males to females than female to females in a cohort of 93 heterosexual HIV serodiscordant couples from February 2000 to January 2006, suggesting that heterosexual transmission of HIV is more a function of viral load than gender of index case.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Prospective Study of Frequency and Correlates of Intimate Partner Violence among African Heterosexual HIV Serodiscordant Couples
Edwin Were,Kathryn Curran,Sinead Delany-Moretlwe,Edith Nakku-Joloba,Nelly Mugo,James Kiarie,Elizabeth A. Bukusi,Connie Celum,Jared M. Baeten +8 more
TL;DR: During up to 2 years of prospective follow-up, most persons in stable HIV-serodiscordant partnerships who had undergone CVCT did not report IPV, but a modest increased risk of IPV was seen for HIV-infected partners, both female and male.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prevalence of unsafe sexual behavior among HIV-infected individuals: the Swiss HIV Cohort Study.
Katja Wolf,James Young,Martin Rickenbach,Pietro Vernazza,Markus Flepp,Hansjakob Furrer,Enos Bernasconi,Bernard Hirschel,Amalio Telenti,Rainer Weber,Heiner C. Bucher +10 more
TL;DR: There is no evidence that self-reported unsafe sexual behavior is more prevalent among HIV-infected individuals with optimal viral suppression, but it was associated with gender, age, ethnicity, HIV transmission group, HIV status of partner, having occasional partners, and living alone.
References
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TL;DR: Statistical methods in cancer research as mentioned in this paper, Statistical Methods in Cancer Research, Statistical methods in Cancer research, Statistical methods for cancer research, کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزش
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From epidemiological synergy to public health policy and practice: the contribution of other sexually transmitted diseases to sexual transmission of HIV infection.
TL;DR: It is suggested that timely provision of STD services can substantially reduce HIV incidence, but raise additional questions about the optimal way to target and implement these services to achieve the greatest effect on HIV transmission.
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The design and analysis of cohort studies
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Journal ArticleDOI
Sexual transmission of HIV
TL;DR: The epidemiology and biology of the host-related factors that affect the sexual transmission of HIV and the host susceptibility and infectiousness environment biologic agent are discussed.
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