Journal ArticleDOI
Viral Load and Heterosexual Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
Thomas C. Quinn,Maria J. Wawer,Nelson K. Sewankambo,David Serwadda,Chuanjun Li,Fred Wabwire-Mangen,Mary Meehan,Tom Lutalo,Ronald H. Gray +8 more
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TLDR
The viral load is the chief predictor of the risk of heterosexual transmission of HIV-1, and transmission is rare among persons with levels of less than 1500 copies of HIV -1 RNA per milliliter.Abstract:
Background and Methods We examined the influence of viral load in relation to other risk factors for the heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). In a community-based study of 15,127 persons in a rural district of Uganda, we identified 415 couples in which one partner was HIV-1–positive and one was initially HIV-1–negative and followed them prospectively for up to 30 months. The incidence of HIV-1 infection per 100 person-years among the initially seronegative partners was examined in relation to behavioral and biologic variables. Results The male partner was HIV-1–positive in 228 couples, and the female partner was HIV-1–positive in 187 couples. Ninety of the 415 initially HIV-1–negative partners seroconverted (incidence, 11.8 per 100 person-years). The rate of male-to-female transmission was not significantly different from the rate of female-to-male transmission (12.0 per 100 person-years vs. 11.6 per 100 person-years). The incidence of seroconversion was highest among ...read more
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Is the virulence of HIV changing? A meta-analysis of trends in prognostic markers of HIV disease progression and transmission
Joshua T. Herbeck,Viktor Müller,Brandon S. Maust,Bruno Ledergerber,Carlo Torti,Simona Di Giambenedetto,Luuk Gras,Huldrych F. Günthard,Lisa P. Jacobson,James I. Mullins,Geoffrey S. Gottlieb +10 more
TL;DR: A meta-analysis of changes in baseline CD4+ T-cell counts and set point plasma viral RNA load over time is conducted, showing results consistent with increased virulence of HIV-1 over the course of the epidemic.
Journal ArticleDOI
Characteristics of HIV-1 Serodiscordant Couples Enrolled in a Clinical Trial of Antiretroviral Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for HIV-1 Prevention
Andrew Mujugira,Jared M. Baeten,Deborah Donnell,Deborah Donnell,Patrick Ndase,Nelly Mugo,Nelly Mugo,Linda E Barnes,James D. Campbell,Jonathan Wangisi,Jordan W. Tappero,Elizabeth A. Bukusi,Craig R. Cohen,Elly Katabira,Allan R. Ronald,Allan R. Ronald,Elioda Tumwesigye,Edwin Were,Kenneth H. Fife,James Kiarie,Carey Farquhar,Grace John-Stewart,Lara Kidoguchi,Dana Panteleeff,Meighan Krows,Heena Shah,Jennifer Revall,Susan Morrison,Lisa Ondrejcek,Charlotte Ingram,Robert W. Coombs,Jairam R. Lingappa,Connie Celum +32 more
TL;DR: Couples at high risk of HIV-1 transmission were rapidly recruited into the Partners PrEP Study, the largest efficacy trial of oral PrEP.
Journal ArticleDOI
Status and methodology of publicly available national HIV care continua and 90-90-90 targets: A systematic review
TL;DR: Relatively few complete national continua of care are available in the public domain, and there is considerable variation in the methods for determining progress towards the 90-90-90 target.
Journal ArticleDOI
Changes in the transmission dynamics of the HIV epidemic after the wide-scale use of antiretroviral therapy could explain increases in sexually transmitted infections: results from mathematical models.
TL;DR: Taking the differential impact of wide-scale use of ART into account helps to interpret recent behavioral and STI trends and have implications for prevention strategies and for the formulation of public health policies.
Journal ArticleDOI
HIV treatment for prevention
TL;DR: Without definitive data, the intuitive appeal of "test-and-treat" is unlikely to translate into action on a global scale, and the preventive potential of anti-HIV drugs is unknown.
References
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Statistical Methods in Cancer Research
TL;DR: Statistical methods in cancer research as mentioned in this paper, Statistical Methods in Cancer Research, Statistical methods in Cancer research, Statistical methods for cancer research, کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزش
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Statistical methods in cancer research
Journal ArticleDOI
From epidemiological synergy to public health policy and practice: the contribution of other sexually transmitted diseases to sexual transmission of HIV infection.
TL;DR: It is suggested that timely provision of STD services can substantially reduce HIV incidence, but raise additional questions about the optimal way to target and implement these services to achieve the greatest effect on HIV transmission.
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The design and analysis of cohort studies
N. E. Breslow,N. E. Day +1 more
TL;DR: The scope ranges from an account of the elementary and descriptive approaches to cohort analysis to the fitting of regression models for incidence rates with general risk functions, and particular attention is given to the use of a case-control approach embedded in a cohort study.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sexual transmission of HIV
TL;DR: The epidemiology and biology of the host-related factors that affect the sexual transmission of HIV and the host susceptibility and infectiousness environment biologic agent are discussed.
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