Showing papers on "Conscientiousness published in 2021"
TL;DR: Extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness were negatively associated with the three mediators, which, in turn, were positively associated with generalised anxiety and depressive symptoms, with COVID-19 anxiety showing the strongest effect.
173 citations
TL;DR: In insights into how personality predicts concerns and behaviours related to the COVID-19 pandemic, age moderated several trait-response associations, suggesting that some of the responses were associated more strongly in older adults, a group at risk for complications of CO VID-19.
Abstract: This study examined the associations between personality traits and psychological and behavioural responses to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Personality was assessed in January/February 2020 when the public was not aware of the spread of coronavirus in the USA. Participants were reassessed in late March 2020 with four sets of questions about the pandemic: concerns, precautions, preparatory behaviours, and duration estimates. The sample consisted of N = 2066 participants (mean age = 51.42; range = 18-98; 48.5% women). Regression models were used to analyse the data with age, gender, education, race, and ethnicity as covariates. Consistent with the preregistered hypotheses, higher neuroticism was related to more concerns and longer duration estimates related to COVID-19, higher extraversion was related to shorter duration estimates, and higher conscientiousness was associated with more precautions. In contrast to the preregistered hypotheses, higher neuroticism was associated with fewer precautions and unrelated to preparatory behaviours. Age moderated several trait-response associations, suggesting that some of the responses were associated more strongly in older adults, a group at risk for complications of COVID-19. For example, older adults high in conscientiousness prepared more. The present findings provide insights into how personality predicts concerns and behaviours related to the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2020 European Association of Personality Psychology.
147 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of educational levels, gender, and personality traits on online learning outcomes was investigated through a mixed design and it was concluded that postgraduates outperformed undergraduates in online learning, learners with strong personality traits such as agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to a new experience outperformed those with strong extraversion and neuroticism.
Abstract: With the rampant pandemic of COVID-19, an increasing number of people are acquiring knowledge through online learning approaches. This study aims to investigate how to improve online learning effectiveness during this special time. Through a mixed design, this study revealed the effect of educational levels, gender, and personality traits on online learning outcomes. It was concluded that postgraduates (N = 599) outperformed undergraduates (N = 553) in online learning, learners (N = 1152) with strong personality traits such as agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to a new experience outperformed those with strong extraversion and neuroticism. Future research could improve interpersonal interactions and encourage learners to post words in the online discussion forum, focus on how to design scaffolding online learning and how to improve the quality and dynamic of the online contents, and highlight blended learning rather than either merely online or traditional face-to-face learning.
93 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the relationship between CINEVs and WTBEVs by accommodating the moderating role of the Big Five personality traits, and uncovered an interesting role of personality traits in propagating EV development.
Abstract: Being an energy-efficient mode of transportation, electric vehicles (EVs) adoption is a multifaceted mechanism driven by a bunch of factors. However, studies focusing on assessing the influence of personality traits on consumers' information about EVs (CINEVs) and willingness to buy (WTB) EVs are scarce. This study investigates the relationship between CINEVs and WTBEVs by accommodating the moderating role of the Big Five personality traits. Results are based on a sample of 624 respondents in the seven largest Indian cities by employing a comprehensive questionnaire survey. Structural equation modeling is used to test the formulated hypotheses. The results highlight that CINEVs is directly related to WTBEVs. We further add to the existing pool of knowledge by providing empirical evidence that openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness positively moderate the relationship between CINEVs and WTBEVs, whereas neuroticism negatively moderates this relationship. The results uncovered an interesting role of personality traits in propagating EV development.
71 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied gender differences of university students in the perceived risk of the COVID-19 pandemic, and in psychological, nutritional, oral health, and physical activity habits.
Abstract: The actual COVID-19 pandemic scenario has generated a context of uncertainty, helplessness, and inequality Yet, the perception of COVID-19 risk has influenced nutritional, psychological, and physical activity patterns depending on gender We conducted the present research with the aim of studying gender differences of university students in the perceived risk of the COVID-19 pandemic, and in psychological, nutritional, oral health, and physical activity habits To reach the study's aim, 300 volunteer university students completed an online questionnaire which analyzed variables of perceived risk of the COVID-19 pandemic, psychological profiles, and nutritional, oral health, and physical activity habits Results showed that females presented a higher perception of danger to the COVID-19 virus than males but showed no differences in how the pandemic has affected personal lives Females showed higher values of anxiety, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience, while males presented higher values of extraversion Nutritionally, males presented greater consumption of soft drinks, meat, and pasta or rice, and lower buccal hygiene Yet, no differences were found regarding physical activity patterns Results from the present study could be used by various educational institutions to implement multidisciplinary interventions to reduce the stress and risk perception
68 citations
TL;DR: Theoretically, the findings demonstrate that individual differences predict behavior even when governments take strong action targeting that behavior, and Practically, they suggest that even if governments lift their shelter-in-place restrictions, some individuals will shelter- in-place less than others.
Abstract: The spread of COVID-19 within any given country or community at the onset of the pandemic depended in part on the sheltering-in-place rate of its citizens. The pandemic led us to revisit one of psychology's most fundamental and most basic questions in a high-stakes context: what determines human behavior? Adopting a Lewinian interactionist lens, we investigate the independent and joint effects of macrolevel government policies and microlevel psychological factors-that is, personality-on whether individuals sheltered-in-place. We analyzed data collected in late March and early April 2020 from 101,005 participants in 55 countries, a time period that coincided with the early and accelerating stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. This time period also contained substantial variation in the stringency of governmental policy toward sheltering-in-place, both between countries and within each country over time. Analyses revealed that personality and the stringency of governmental policies independently predicted sheltering-in-place rates. Policy stringency was positively related to sheltering-in-place. For the personality dimensions, Openness, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism all predicted higher rates of sheltering-in-place, whereas Extraversion was negatively related to staying at home. In addition, two personality traits-Openness to Experience and Neuroticism-interacted with governmental policy to predict whether individuals sheltered-in-place; openness and neuroticism each had weaker effects on sheltering-in-place as governmental policies became stricter. Theoretically, the findings demonstrate that individual differences predict behavior (i.e., sheltering-in-place) even when governments take strong action targeting that behavior. Practically, they suggest that even if governments lift their shelter-in-place restrictions, some individuals will shelter-in-place less than others. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
63 citations
TL;DR: This study explores how personality, trust, privacy concerns, and prior experiences affectCustomer experience performance perceptions and the combinations of these factors that lead to high customer experience performance.
62 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the associations of age, gender, and personality with the fear of missing out on exciting or interesting events and found no gender differences in experiencing FoMO.
54 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the relationships between active, problem-focused, and maladaptive coping with stress during the Coronavirus outbreak, the Big Five personality traits, and social support among Israeli-Palestinian college students (n = 625).
Abstract: This study investigated the relationships between active, problem-focused, and maladaptive coping with stress during the Coronavirus outbreak, the Big Five personality traits, and social support among Israeli-Palestinian college students (n = 625). Emotion-focused coping negatively correlated with social support, openness, extraversion, conscientiousness, and agreeableness, while it positively correlated with neuroticism. On the other hand, problem-focused coping was found to positively correlate with social support, openness, extraversion, conscientiousness, and agreeableness, but negatively correlate with neuroticism. Thus, positive social support may increase one's ability to cope actively, adaptively, and efficiently. In addition, Israeli-Palestinian college students high in openness, extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness tend to use active problem-focused coping while those high in neuroticism tend to use maladaptive emotion-focused coping.
49 citations
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09 Oct 2021TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the Big Five or OCEAN model which scrutinizes the dispositions or the acquired traits and then divides them into five broad colloquial categories namely: "Open to experience", "conscientiousness", "extraversion", "agreeableness" and "neuroticism".
Abstract: The quest to know more regarding the inner workings of the human brain and how that affects the course of actions we take has been unabated by recent technological developments in the integrated fields of psychology and computation. The eclectic collection of people participating actively on social media has led data scientists and machine learning engineers to analyse and infer from the gratuitous data available in profound quantities. There have been multiple approaches germane to the subject in hand using deep learning. The most prevalent one is the Big Five or OCEAN model which scrutinizes the dispositions or the acquired traits and then divides them into 5 broad colloquial categories namely: “Open to Experience”, “conscientiousness”, “extraversion”, “agreeableness” and “neuroticism”. Furthermore, Convolutional neural networking architecture has been used to hypothesize personality prediction in numerous ways, including handwriting analysis and hate-speech analysis. The motivation of the paper was to not use the convolutional neural network and try the other learning models which can give a good output and do a comparison which would indeed help to differentiate while choosing the algorithm for the other users, so we have compared two
46 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a quantitative synthesis of the prospective associations between personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and conscientiousness) and the risk of incident Alzheimer's disease and related dementias was provided.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and students' motivation and found that teachers' conscientiousness personality trait had a positive effect on students' intrinsic motivation- knowledge.
Abstract: One of the most prominent factors in developing more effective teaching and learning strategies is the association between personality traits and motivation. The current research examined the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and students’ motivation. Thirteen English teachers and 375 high school students participated in this study. The teachers completed the Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and the students filled out Language Learning Orientations Scale – Intrinsic Motivation, Extrinsic Motivation, and Amotivation Subscales (LLOS – IEA). The results showed some significant relationships between the Big Five traits and the subscales of motivation. Particularly, teachers’ conscientiousness personality trait had a positive effect on students’ intrinsic- motivation- knowledge. In addition, teachers’ extraversion personality trait had a negative effect on students’ intrinsic- motivation- accomplishment, and knowledge. The results of this study can help the teachers to know how to behave in the classroom. More specifically, the study shows exactly which personality traits will result in increasing or decreasing students’ motivation.
TL;DR: In this article, Schmidt and Hunter's random-effect meta-analytic methods were used to validate the construct of incivility by testing its reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, as well as its incremental predictive validity over other forms of mistreatment.
Abstract: Although workplace incivility has received increasing attention in organizational research over the past two decades, there have been recurring questions about its construct validity, especially vis-a-vis other forms of workplace mistreatment. Also, the antecedents of experienced incivility remain understudied, leaving an incomplete understanding of its nomological network. In this meta-analysis using Schmidt and Hunter's [Methods of meta-analysis: Correcting error and bias in research findings (3rd ed.), Sage] random-effect meta-analytic methods, we validate the construct of incivility by testing its reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, as well as its incremental predictive validity over other forms of mistreatment. We also extend its nomological network by drawing on the perpetrator predation framework to systematically study the antecedents of experienced incivility. Based on 105 independent samples and 51,008 participants, we find extensive support for incivility's construct validity. Besides, we demonstrate that demographic characteristics (gender, race, rank, and tenure), personality traits (agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, negative affectivity, and self-esteem), and contextual factors (perceived uncivil climate and socially supportive climate) are important antecedents of experienced incivility, with contextual factors displaying a stronger association with incivility. In a supplementary primary study with 457 participants, we find further support for the construct validity of incivility. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of this study. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
TL;DR: In this paper, the relevance of social/work status and personality variables in the prediction of psychological health (anxiety, depression and life satisfaction) was investigated. But, the influence of impact of job status and conflict between work and family relationship as mental health as performance might depend on individual differences.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper explored the roles of personality traits in household energy conservation intentions by connecting the Big Five personality traits with energy conservation intention through the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB).
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report the most comprehensive assessment to date of the strength of the relationships between the Big Five personality traits and academic performance by synthesizing 267 independent samples (N =413,074) in 228 unique studies.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE AND METHOD This meta-analysis reports the most comprehensive assessment to date of the strength of the relationships between the Big Five personality traits and academic performance by synthesizing 267 independent samples (N = 413,074) in 228 unique studies. It also examined the incremental validity of personality traits above and beyond cognitive ability in predicting academic performance. RESULTS The combined effect of cognitive ability and personality traits explained 27.8% of the variance in academic performance. Cognitive ability was the most important predictor with a relative importance of 64%. Conscientiousness emerged as a strong and robust predictor of performance, even when controlling for cognitive ability, and accounted for 28% of the explained variance in academic performance. A significant moderating effect of education level was observed. The relationship of academic performance with openness, extraversion, and agreeableness demonstrated significantly larger effect sizes at the elementary/middle school level compared to the subsequent levels. Openness, despite its weak overall relative importance, was found to be an important determinant of student performance in the early years of school. CONCLUSION These findings reaffirm the critical role of personality traits in explaining academic performance through the most comprehensive assessment yet of these relationships.
TL;DR: In this article, a large-scale international dataset, COVIDiSTRESS Global Survey dataset, was explored with a Bayesian generalized linear model that enables identification of the best regression model.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used theories of value-attitude-behavior (VAB) model and personality to investigate Korean consumer crowdfunding behavior for sustainability initiatives in relation to the United Nations 17 SDGs.
17 May 2021
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the impact of the Big Five personality traits on the entrepreneurial intentions of undergrad university students in Jordan and investigated the mediating role of entrepreneurial alertness, while agreeableness and neuroticism were unrelated to either outcome.
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the Big Five personality traits on the entrepreneurial intentions of undergrad university students in Jordan. It further investigates the mediating role of entrepreneurial alertness.,A quantitative survey method was conducted with a convenience sample of Jordanian university students. A total of 323 valid questionnaires were received and analyzed. A structural equation modeling with partial least square (PLS) is used to analyze data.,Results revealed that conscientiousness, openness and alertness were associated with entrepreneurial intention. Extraversion and openness were associated with alertness, while agreeableness and neuroticism were unrelated to either outcome. Finally, alertness mediates the relationship between extraversion and openness with entrepreneurial intention.,There is a lack of previous studies investigating the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and students’ entrepreneurial intentions in Jordan, particularly the role of mediating variables in this relationship. This study is considered the first one that examined the mediating role of entrepreneurial alertness in the relationship between personality traits and entrepreneurial intentions.
TL;DR: The results suggest that the nonclinical individual prone to conspiratorial ideation is somewhat likely to display a complex mixture of traits including distress, immodesty, impulsivity, and negative affect.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE We sought to replicate and extend provisional research on the personological correlates of conspiracy beliefs by examining their associations with abnormal- and normal-range personality domain-level traits and, for the first time, lower-order personality facets; we also examined internalizing symptoms. METHOD The study comprised four samples of community and student participants (Ntotal = 1,927), and examined the cross-sectional relations between self-reported conspiratorial ideation and measures of (a) the six-factor model of general personality, (b) intellectual humility (IH), (c) traits relevant to certain personality disorder features (narcissism, psychopathy, disinhibition), and (d) internalizing symptoms (depression, anxiety, anger). RESULTS Agreeableness and conscientiousness were significant, albeit modest, negative correlates of conspiracy beliefs, although other general personality dimensions tended to manifest negligible associations. Significant associations between lower-order personality facets and conspiracy beliefs, not evident at the domain level, emerged. Indices of IH were significant negative correlates. Conspiracy beliefs were also associated with a range of personality disorder features and internalizing symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the nonclinical individual prone to conspiratorial ideation is somewhat likely to display a complex mixture of traits including distress, immodesty, impulsivity, and negative affect. Future research should investigate potential multiplicative relations among personological variables in predicting conspiracy beliefs.
TL;DR: It is found that pull requests from authors (requesters) who are more open and conscientious, but less extroverted, have a higher chance of approval, and pull requests that are closed by developers who areMore conscientious, extrovert, and neurotic, haveA higher likelihood of acceptance.
Abstract: In this paper, we examine the influence of personality traits of developers on the pull request evaluation process in GitHub. We first replicate Tsay et al. ’s work that examined the influence of social factors (e.g., ‘social distance’) and technical factors (e.g., test file inclusion) for evaluating contributions, and then extend it with personality based factors. In particular, we extract the Big Five personality traits (Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism) of developers from their online digital footprints, such as pull request comments. We analyze the personality traits of 16,935 active developers from 1,860 projects and compare their relative importance to other non-personality factors from past research, in the pull request evaluation process. We find that pull requests from authors (requesters) who are more open and conscientious, but less extroverted, have a higher chance of approval. Furthermore, pull requests that are closed by developers (closers) who are more conscientious, extroverted, and neurotic, have a higher likelihood of acceptance. The larger the difference in personality traits between the requester and the closer, the more positive effect it has on pull request acceptance. Finally, although the effect of personality traits is significant and comparable to technical factors, we find that social factors are still more influential on the likelihood of pull request acceptance.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined how personality traits were associated with adjustment to the COVID pandemic in college students and found that mood and wellness indices generally declined during the period, although stress levels actually decreased.
Abstract: Personality traits have been found to be related to a variety of health outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine how personality traits were associated with adjustment to the COVID pandemic in college students. The sample included 484 first-year university students (76% female) attending a northeastern university who completed the Big Five Inventory (BFI) personality assessment at the beginning of a semester that was disrupted by the COVID pandemic. Using a phone-based app, students completed daily ratings of mood, perceived stress levels, and engagement in a number of health promotion activities (exercise, mindfulness, adequate sleep, etc.) throughout the semester both before and after the onset of the pandemic (e.g., a within-person longitudinal design). Results, as expected, showed that mood and wellness indices generally declined during the COVID period, although stress levels actually decreased. Further, irrespective of COVID, improved mood, less perceived stress and greater participation in health promotion activities were significantly associated with a number of personality traits including neuroticism (lower), extraversion (higher), agreeableness (higher), and conscientiousness (higher). Of primary interest, mixed-effects models were used to test how major personality traits interacted with any changes in daily ratings from the pre-COVID to COVID period. Significant interactions terms were found suggesting differential impacts of the COVID epidemic for students with low versus high levels of particular traits. Higher levels of extraversion, for example, were found to be related to decreases in mood as the pandemic progressed in contrast to those with lower extraversion, for whom there was a slight increase in mood over time. These data support the conclusion that personality traits are related to mental health and can play a role in a person's ability to cope with major stressful events. Different traits may also be more adaptive to different types of stressors.
01 Oct 2021-International Journal of Human-computer Studies \/ International Journal of Man-machine Studies
TL;DR: The results showed that gender and personality can affect students’ perception of specific game elements, and can help designers and educators personalize their gamified courses’ design based on personality and gender.
Abstract: While many studies have reported the effectiveness of gamification in motivating students and making learning more fun, some others have reported contradictory findings regarding the potential of implementing game elements in an online gamified course. It is recognized that designing a successful gamification is a challenging process. Previous studies have shown that students’ individual differences may impact their gamification experiences. This study complements the available body of research by examining the effect of gender and personality differences on students’ perception of gamification in education. An experiment was conducted in a public university with 189 undergraduate students who took three online gamified courses, based on the self-determination theory, during two academic years. The results showed that gender and personality can affect students’ perception of specific game elements. For instance, females are more likely to find feedback useful than males. Additionally, students low in extraversion are more likely to find a progress bar useful than students high in extraversion. The results also showed that gender moderates the effect of personality on students’ perception of the implemented game elements. For instance, males low in extraversion are more likely to perceive badges’ usefulness in gamified courses than males high in extraversion, whereas females low in conscientiousness are more likely to enjoy feedback than females high in conscientiousness. The findings of this study can help designers and educators personalize their gamified courses’ design based on personality and gender.
TL;DR: In this article, the variables that have been evaluated as potential moderators of the intention-physical activity (I-PA) relationship using the capability-opportunity-motivation- behavior model as an organizational frame were discussed.
Abstract: BACKGROUND Intention is theorized as the proximal determinant of behavior in many leading theories and yet intention-behavior discordance is prevalent. PURPOSE To theme and appraise the variables that have been evaluated as potential moderators of the intention-physical activity (I-PA) relationship using the capability-opportunity-motivation- behavior model as an organizational frame. METHODS Literature searches were concluded in August 2020 using seven common databases. Eligible studies were selected from English language peer-reviewed journals and had to report an empirical test of moderation of I-PA with a third variable. Findings were grouped by the moderator variable for the main analysis, and population sample, study design, type of PA, and study quality were explored in subanalyses. RESULTS The search yielded 1,197 hits, which was reduced to 129 independent studies (138 independent samples) of primarily moderate quality after screening for eligibility criteria. Moderators of the I-PA relationship were present among select variables within sociodemographic (employment status) and personality (conscientiousness) categories. Physical capability, and social and environmental opportunity did not show evidence of interacting with I-PA relations, while psychological capability had inconclusive findings. By contrast, key factors underlying reflective (intention stability, intention commitment, low goal conflict, affective attitude, anticipated regret, perceived behavioral control/self-efficacy) and automatic (identity) motivation were moderators of I-PA relations. Findings were generally invariant to study characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Traditional intention theories may need to better account for key I-PA moderators. Action control theories that include these moderators may identify individuals at risk for not realizing their PA intentions. Prospero # CRD42020142629.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore how the personality traits of hospitality students are associated with their level of anxiety and how their learning experience is affected by the recent COVID-19 pandemic.
Abstract: The recent COVID-19 pandemic has forced all teaching and learning activities to shift to online platforms. Hospitality students are not exempted from this transition even though they are used to offline learning environment and often take a blended learning of theoretical and practical components. This sudden change has caused disruptions in their learning process and created all kinds of anxieties. Thus, this study aimed to explore how the personality traits of hospitality students are associated with their level of anxieties and how their learning experience is affected. A survey was conducted in Hong Kong shortly after the affected semester ended. Results showed that students with high levels of agreeableness and openness to experience perceive a high degree of learning, technical, and financial anxiety. By contrast, students with high levels of conscientiousness, extraversion, and neuroticism partially sense a low degree of these anxieties. Results also revealed that a low degree of learning and financial anxiety can enhance students’ perceived online learning and consequently improve student satisfaction. Theoretical development and managerial implications are further discussed.
TL;DR: A dynamic, role-based perspective on the adaptive nature of personality during the transition from the role of employee to that of leader is introduced, arguing that during such role transitions, individuals will experience increases in job role demands, a crucial manifestation of role expectations, which in turn may foster growth in conscientiousness and emotional stability.
Abstract: Organizational research has predominantly adopted the classic dispositional perspective to understand the importance of personality traits in shaping work outcomes. However, the burgeoning literature in personality psychology has documented that personality traits, although relatively stable, are able to develop throughout one's whole adulthood. A crucial force driving adult personality development is transition into novel work roles. In this article, we introduce a dynamic, role-based perspective on the adaptive nature of personality during the transition from the role of employee to that of leader (i.e., leadership emergence). We argue that during such role transitions, individuals will experience increases in job role demands, a crucial manifestation of role expectations, which in turn may foster growth in conscientiousness and emotional stability. We tested these hypotheses in two 3-wave longitudinal studies using a quasi-experimental design. We compared the personality development of 2 groups of individuals (1 group promoted from employees into leadership roles and the other remaining as employees over time), matched via the propensity score matching approach. The convergent results of latent growth curve modeling from the 2 studies support our hypotheses regarding the relationship between becoming a leader and subsequent small, but substantial increases in conscientiousness over time and the mediating role of job role demands. The relationship between becoming a leader and change of emotional stability was not significant. This research showcases the prominence of examining and cultivating personality development for organizational research and practice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
TL;DR: Findings do not support the claimed eight-factor structure of the MAIA but indicate the existence of an overarching general factor, providing evidence that interoceptive awareness, as measured by theMAIA, is related to, but distinct from personality.
Abstract: The goal of this study was to psychometrically evaluate the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA), a popular self-report questionnaire claimed to assess the most important subjective aspects of interoception. We collected data in two samples (N = 644 and N = 1,516) and focused on the factor structure and validity of MAIA, as well as its associations with personality traits. Confirmatory Factor Analysis suggested that six of the eight subscales measure a common general factor of self-reported interoception; two MAIA subscales, Not-Worrying and Not-Distracting were only weakly related to this factor. Whereas the general factor correlated strongly with a measure of perceived attentiveness to normal nonemotive body processes, and moderately with Extraversion, Openness and Conscientiousness, the Not-Worrying factor showed moderate to strong negative correlations with Emotionality, pain catastrophization, and anxiety-related aspects of body focus. Not-Distracting was only weakly associated with the validating scales. Overall, these findings do not support the claimed eight-factor structure of the MAIA but indicate the existence of an overarching general factor. Additionally, this study provides evidence that interoceptive awareness, as measured by the MAIA, is related to, but distinct from personality.
TL;DR: This paper explored the extent to which personality variables and achievement goal orientation are associated with students' self-reported use of feedback and whether beliefs about feedback (utility, accountability, self-efficacy, and volition to implement feedback) mediate these associations.
Abstract: Feedback can rarely enhance learning unless it is used; however, few studies have examined individual differences in students’ engagement with feedback. The present study explored a) the extent to which personality variables and achievement goal orientation are associated with students’ self-reported use of feedback; and b) whether beliefs about feedback (utility, accountability, self-efficacy, and volition to implement feedback) mediate these associations. Students aged 16-18 (N = 746) completed self-report measures assessing each of these constructs. Self-reported feedback use was greater among students who scored high in mastery approach goals, performance approach goals, and conscientiousness. Controlling for academic achievement (which correlated weakly with self-reported feedback use), all of these associations were mediated by self-efficacy, and a subset of the associations were also mediated by the perceived utility of feedback and volition to implement feedback. Supporting students to feel competent in using feedback should be a key priority for interventions.
TL;DR: In this paper, a cross-sectional observational study aimed to evaluate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related precautions to avoid COVID-2019 infection, distress and behavioral changes, fears and concerns, and effects on opinions and beliefs among participants from different backgrounds and also to identify the relationships between personality factors and COVID19-related changes and impacts.
Abstract: Background: This cross-sectional observational study aimed to evaluate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related precautions to avoid COVID-19 infection, distress and behavioral changes, fears and concerns, and effects on opinions and beliefs among participants from different backgrounds and also to identify the relationships between personality factors and COVID-19-related changes and impacts. Methods: One thousand and three hundred nineteen participants (744 females and 575 males, mean age ± SD = 32.7 ± 11.6 years) completed a three-section survey collecting data regarding demographic information, personality factors [using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI)], and COVID-19-related issues (using the VAS scale). Findings: COVID-19 was associated with changes related to precautions to avoid COVID-19 infection, distress and behavioral changes, fears and concerns, and effects on opinions and beliefs (P < 0.05). Higher neuroticism scores were associated with more negative COVID-19-related changes and impacts (P < 0.05). Higher extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness scores were associated with more acceptance of COVID-19 containment measures as well as less COVID-19-related changes and impacts (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Personality factors were associated with COVID-19-related impacts. These findings demonstrate the importance of the relationship between personality factors and COVID-19-related changes.
TL;DR: In this article, a U.S. sample of 394 adults answered questions about ICT use, pandemic-related reactions and actions, demographics, and psychosocial factors via an online survey.
Abstract: This study was designed to investigate the roles information and communications technology (ICT) played during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, we focused on the relationships between ICT use and perceived importance of social connectedness and future anxiety, while considering relevant personality and psychosocial factors. A U.S. sample of 394 adults answered questions about ICT use, pandemic-related reactions and actions, demographics, and psychosocial factors via an online survey. Using logistic regression, findings indicated that personality (extraversion and conscientiousness) and psychosocial (need to belong and perceived attachment to phone) factors, types of ICT as news source, and gender were associated with perceived importance of social connectedness. Neuroticism, time spent on ICT for social purposes, and perceived threat of COVID-19 were associated with future anxiety. In addition, using Mann-Whitney U test, people who rated higher on importance of social connectedness had higher ICT use, both in terms of types and time spent on ICT. Overall, results are consistent with the idea that technology is a coping tool during the pandemic and balanced use can lead to feelings of social connectedness and less future anxiety. Therefore, it is important for authorities to align their messaging and outreach with people's psychosocial, personality, and health considerations through ICT channels while empowering ICT users to be responsible for their interactions with the technology.