Showing papers on "Microstrip antenna published in 2016"
TL;DR: The proposed design of millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) array antenna package with beam steering characteristic for the fifth-generation (5G) mobile applications has >10-dB gain in the upper spherical space, good directivity, and efficiency, which is suitable for 5G mobile communications.
Abstract: This letter proposes a new design of millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) array antenna package with beam steering characteristic for the fifth-generation (5G) mobile applications. In order to achieve a broad three-dimensional scanning coverage of the space with high-gain beams, three identical subarrays of patch antennas have been compactly arranged along the edge region of the mobile phone printed circuit board (PCB) to form the antenna package. By switching the feeding to one of the subarrays, the desired direction of coverage can be achieved. The proposed design has >10-dB gain in the upper spherical space, good directivity, and efficiency, which is suitable for 5G mobile communications. In addition, the impact of the user's hand on the antenna performance has been investigated.
220 citations
01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: Complete with an up–to–date tutorial overview of the field and substantial new, introductory material for each topic, Microstrip Antennas combines in one source a selection of today's most significant and useful articles on microstrip and antenna design.
Abstract: Description: Electrical Engineering/Antennas and Propagation Microstrip Antennas The Analysis and Design of Microstrip Antennas and Arrays Microstrip Antennas contains valuable new information on antenna design and an excellent introduction to the work done in the microstrip antenna area over the past 20 years. The articles are well–chosen and (are) complete with practical design information that is very useful for the working engineer. Stuart Long, University of Houston The editors have done an outstanding job in assembling this updated reprint book. It is a welcome addition to the list of books on microstrip antennas. There is no doubt that it will be a valuable source of information for graduate students, engineers and researchers the original articles are written lucidly and are very informative, and the reprint articles are well chosen. Kai Fong Lee, The University of Toledo Complete with an up–to–date tutorial overview of the field and substantial new, introductory material for each topic, Microstrip Antennas combines in one source a selection of today’s most significant and useful articles on microstrip and antenna design. Eminent experts David M. Pozar and Daniel H. Schaubert guide you through:
210 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a fractal defected ground structure (FDGS) is proposed to reduce mutual coupling between coplanar spaced microstrip antenna elements, and the structure of the proposed FDGS is studied.
Abstract: This paper presents a novel fractal defected ground structure (FDGS) to reduce mutual coupling between coplanar spaced microstrip antenna elements. The structure of the proposed FDGS is studied. Bandgap characteristic of second and third iterative FDGS is achieved. The second and third iterative FDGSs are used to reduce mutual coupling between microstrip antenna elements. Mutual coupling reduction performance of third iterative FDGS is better than that of second iterative FDGS. And dimension of FDGS can be decreased by using higher level iterative FDGS. The third iterative FDGS is fabricated and measured. Simulated and measured results both show that more than 35-dB mutual coupling reduction is obtained by using the third iterative FDGS. Moreover, the envelope correlation of antenna elements with FDGS is quite smaller than that of antenna elements without FDGS.
176 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a dual-polarized patch antenna with quasi-elliptic bandpass responses was proposed, which consists of two orthogonal H-shaped lines that coupled to the driven patch, each for one polarization.
Abstract: This paper presents a dual-polarized patch antenna with quasi-elliptic bandpass responses. The proposed antenna is mainly composed of a feeding network, a driven patch, and a stacked patch, with its entire height being $0.09\lambda $ . The feeding network consists of two orthogonal H-shaped lines that coupled to the driven patch, each for one polarization. The elaborately-designed feeding lines not only ensure a sharp roll-off rate at the lower band edge, but also help to achieve low cross polarization and high isolation between two feeding ports. On the other hand, the upper stacked patch provides improved suppression levels at the upper stopband and also an enhanced gain within passband. Consequently, a compact dual-polarized antenna with satisfying filtering performance is obtained, without using extra filtering circuits. For demonstration, an antenna is designed to fit the specification of LTE band (2.49–2.69 GHz). The implemented antenna achieves an average a gain of 9 dBi, a cross-polarization ratio of 29 dB, an isolation of 35 dB within LTE band. The out-of-band suppression level is more than 40 dB within the 2G and 3G frequency bands from 1.71–2.17 GHz. It can be used as the antenna elements in multiband base station antenna arrays to reduce the mutual coupling.
163 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a planar slot coupling antenna with an array of metallic rectangular patches that can be viewed as a polarization-dependent metasurface superstrate is proposed for C-band satellite communication application.
Abstract: A new wideband circularly polarized antenna using metasurface superstrate for C-band satellite communication application is proposed in this letter. The proposed antenna consists of a planar slot coupling antenna with an array of metallic rectangular patches that can be viewed as a polarization-dependent metasurface superstrate. The metasurface is utilized to adjust axial ratio (AR) for wideband circular polarization. Furthermore, the proposed antenna has a compact structure with a low profile of 0.07λ
0
( λ
0
stands for the free-space wavelength at 5.25 GHz) and ground size of 34.5×28 mm
2
. Measured results show that the -10-dB impedance bandwidth for the proposed antenna is 33.7% from 4.2 to 5.9 GHz, and 3-dB AR bandwidth is 16.5% from 4.9 to 5.9 GHz with an average gain of 5.8 dBi. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement to verify the good performance of the proposed antenna.
154 citations
TL;DR: A dual-polarized antenna array with 144 ports for Massive MIMO operating at 3.7 GHz is presented, which gives higher gain and lower mutual coupling within the size of a conversional dual-port patch antenna.
Abstract: Massive multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) has attracted significant interests in both academia and industry. It has been considered as one of most promising technologies for 5G wireless systems. The large-scale antenna array for base stations naturally becomes the key to deploy the Massive MIMO technologies. In this communication, we present a dual-polarized antenna array with 144 ports for Massive MIMO operating at 3.7 GHz. The proposed array consists of 18 low profile subarrays. Each subarray consists of four single units. Each single antenna unit consists of one vertically polarized port and one horizontally polarized port connected to power splitters, which serve as a feeding network. A stacked patch design is used to construct the single unit with the feeding network, which gives higher gain and lower mutual coupling within the size of a conversional dual-port patch antenna. Simulation results of the proposed single antenna unit, sub-array, and Massive MIMO array are verified by measurement.
151 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a single-feed microstrip antenna (CPMA) has a simple configuration but is hindered by a narrow, 3-dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth.
Abstract: Wireless systems manufacturers desire a low-profile, wideband, circularly polarized (CP) antenna. Generally, a single-feed CP microstrip antenna (CPMA) has a simple configuration but is hindered by a narrow, 3-dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth. The bandwidth of a multiple-feed CPMA can be enhanced but requires a complicated and larger feeding network. Many techniques have been employed to improve AR bandwidth, such as using dual-feed, network-based structures [1], stacked patches [2]?[3], array antennas with sequential feeding network [4], and multilayered structures [5]. However, these CP antennas are based on multiradiating patches or complicated feeding structures.
147 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a gainenhanced patch antenna with loading of shorting pins is proposed, where four metallic pins are symmetrically placed in the two diagonals of a square patch resonator to electrically short the patch and ground plane.
Abstract: A new gain-enhanced patch antenna with loading of shorting pins is proposed in this paper. Four metallic pins are symmetrically placed in the two diagonals of a square patch resonator to electrically short the patch and ground plane. These shorting pins tremendously perturb the field distribution beneath the patch due to their shunt inductive effect. As these four pins are moved outward along the two orthogonal diagonals away from the center, their influence on the field distribution over the patch is strengthened to gradually raise its dominant mode, i.e., TM010 mode, resonant frequency as the pin-to-pin spacing is enlarged. At a fixed resonant frequency, the overall area of this proposed patch antenna with four pins results to be increased. As such, its radiation directivity or gain gets to be enhanced due to the enlarged antenna area. After extensive analysis is executed, two square patch antennas with and without loaded pins are designed and fabricated. The simulated and measured results agree with each other, and they have evidently demonstrated that the radiation directivity can be enhanced up to 11.0 dBi, or about 2.9 dB increment, by virtue of the proposed approach.
145 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a low-profile aperture-coupled U-slot patch antenna is employed for the dual-band operation with a uniform polarization, which is fed by a dual-mode stub-loaded resonator (SLR).
Abstract: A novel design of a dual-band antenna with integrated filtering performance is proposed. A low-profile aperture-coupled U-slot patch antenna is employed for the dual-band operation with a uniform polarization, which is fed by a dual-mode stub-loaded resonator (SLR). The U-slot patch works as a dual-mode resonator of the dual-band filter as well as the radiation element. The odd- and even-modes of the SLR are coupled and tuned with the U-slot patch, generating two second-order operation bands at 3.6 and 5.2 GHz. Compared with the traditional patch antenna, the proposed antenna exhibits improved bandwidth and frequency selectivity. In addition, the bandwidths can be controlled by adjusting the coupling strength between the SLR and the patch. Furthermore, the higher order harmonics can be suppressed over a broadband without increasing the footprint of the design. The measured and simulated results agree well with each other, showing excellent performance in terms of impedance matching, bandwidths, second-order filtering, out-of-band rejection, cross-polarization discrimination, and gains at both the bands.
144 citations
TL;DR: In this article, three types of flexible textile antennas for 2.45 GHz body area network (BAN) are compared in the context of wearable antennas, and two shorting probes are used to connect the radiation patch and ground plane to satisfy the requirements of small frequency shifting when the antenna is bent and placed on human body.
Abstract: Three types of flexible textile antennas for 2.45 GHz body area network (BAN) are compared in this letter. Two types of conducting materials are used to form radiation patch and ground plane; they are called copper foil tape (CFT, 0.05 mm thickness) and Shieldex (SH, 0.13 mm thickness, 0.009 Ohm surface resistivity). The substrate is a thin felt with relative permittivity of 1.2 and the thickness of 2 mm. In order to satisfy these requirements of small frequency shifting when the antenna is bent and placed on human body, two shorting probes are used to connect the radiation patch and ground plane. Compared to the antenna without shorting probes, the size of proposed antenna is reduced from 96 ×47 to 70 ×25 mm
2
, and the measured minimum value of S11 in free space is also decreased from -14.59 to -33.30 dB. Furthermore, an antenna with smaller size of 46 ×25 mm
2
is designed by modifying the proposed structure, and it can act as a wearable antenna as well.
TL;DR: In this article, a new compact circularly polarized (CP) slot antenna fed by a microstrip feedline was proposed, which is suitable for circular polarization applications in C band.
Abstract: This communication presents a design of a new compact circularly polarized (CP) slot antenna fed by a microstrip feedline. The 3-dB axial ratio band can be achieved by simply protruding a horizontal stub from the ground plane toward the center of the wide slot (WS) and then feeding the WS with a microstrip feedline positioned to the side of the WS, underneath the protruded stub. The feedline and metallic stub are perpendicular to each other, and they resemble a T shape when viewed from the top. The proposed antenna is fabricated with an area of $25 \times 25\;{\rm mm}^{2}$ . Measurement results show that the antenna attains an ${\rm S}_{11}\le-10\;{\rm dB}$ impedance matching bandwidth of 90.2%, from 3.5 to 9.25 GHz, and a broadband 3 dB-AR bandwidth of 40%, ranging from 4.6 to 6.9 GHz. A peak gain of 0.8–4.5 dBi is achieved within the AR band. The proposed antenna is suitable for circular polarization applications in C band.
TL;DR: A monopolar patch antenna with a V-shaped slot for car-to-car (C2C) and wireless local area network (WLAN) communications is presented and three resonances found in the operating frequency bandwidth resulted in a wideband characteristic.
Abstract: A monopolar patch antenna with a V-shaped slot for car-to-car (C2C) and wireless local area network (WLAN) communications is presented in this paper. To widen the impedance bandwidth of the antenna, techniques for adding a shorting pin and a V-shaped slot are applied to an equilateral triangular patch. By properly placing the shorting pins on an equilateral triangular patch, two operating modes, i.e., TM10 and TM20, are obtained. The presence of the V-shaped slot can generate an additional TM11 mode. These three resonances found in the operating frequency bandwidth resulted in a wideband characteristic. The proposed antenna can operate from 4.82 to 6.67 GHz for the reflection coefficient $\le -$ 10 dB with the gain of around 5.0 dBi. In addition, an omnidirectional radiation pattern is yielded by a coaxial center-fed probe excitation. The antenna has a thickness of 0.09 $\boldsymbol{\lambda}_\mathbf{g}$ (at the center frequency of 5.5 GHz), which is easily hidden on the roof of a vehicle for C2C communication. This proposed design can also be used as indoor base-station antennas for WLAN communication.
TL;DR: Numerical and experimental evaluations prove that the textile UWB antenna with full-ground plane and high on-body fidelity is suitable for body-worn UWB impulse radio communication.
Abstract: A novel all-textile UWB antenna with full-ground plane and high on-body fidelity is presented in this work. Due to the combined requirements of backward radiation reduction in WBANs and high-fidelity prerequisite for UWB pulse transmission/reception, a multilayered structure is implemented. The structure consists of two patches and a ground plane implemented on two layers of 2-mm-thick substrate. The full ground plane on the lower layer shields users against on-body radiation. Numerical and experimental evaluations both in free space and on human body prove the antenna operation within the FCC UWB bandwidth of 3.1–10.6 GHz. Its high-measured on-body system fidelity values of between 95% and 97% at a distance of 1 m show that the textile UWB antenna is suitable for body-worn UWB impulse radio communication.
TL;DR: In this article, a single-layer microstrip-fed patch antenna with capabilities of both bandwidth enhancement and harmonic suppression is proposed, where a pair of $\lambda $ /4 microstrip line resonators is introduced and coupled in proximity to a rectangular patch.
Abstract: A single-layer microstrip-fed patch antenna with capabilities of both bandwidth enhancement and harmonic suppression is proposed. For this purpose, a pair of $\lambda $ /4 microstrip-line resonators is introduced and coupled in proximity to a rectangular patch. The wideband property can be obtained by making effective use of the two resonances introduced by the radiating patch and nonradiating $\lambda $ /4 resonators. Different from other reported dual-resonance patch antennas, the proposed antenna does not require the electrically thick substrate, so it has attractive low-profile property. Thanks to the good features of $\lambda $ /4 resonators and capacitive feeding scheme, harmonic radiating modes of the patch antenna can be significantly suppressed as highly demanded in modern highly integrated communication systems. The working principle, equivalent circuit, and design procedure are extensively described. Finally, a prototype antenna operating at 4.9 GHz is designed and fabricated. The measured results show that its bandwidth is 2.7 times wider than that of the traditional insert-fed patch counterpart, and the harmful spurious radiation from other higher order radiating modes has been effectively suppressed.
TL;DR: In this paper, a Ka-band circularly polarized (CP) planar array antenna with wide axial ratio (AR) bandwidth and high efficiency is presented, where a crossed slot with four parasitic patches is proposed as the CP element, which is fed by a unique 90° delay line.
Abstract: A Ka-band circularly polarized (CP) planar array antenna with wide axial ratio (AR) bandwidth and high efficiency is presented in this paper. A crossed slot with four parasitic patches is proposed as the CP element, which is fed by a unique 90° delay line. There are three minimal AR points within the operational frequency band to widen the bandwidth. The 90° delay line has three branches to realize the phase delay, the amplitude compensation, and the impedance matching, respectively. Thus, the design process is clear and simple. Several short-circuited posts are added in the feeding layer to suppress the TEM wave propagating outside the feeding network. Simulated results of the element show an AR bandwidth ( $\text{AR} ) of 21.2% from 25.3 to 31.3 GHz and a gain of 5.7–6.7 dBic over the same frequency band. Measured results of a fabricated $4 \times 4$ array demonstrate about 14% AR bandwidth and more than 17.4 dBic gain within the frequency band of 26.4–30.3 GHz. The maximum realized gain reaches to 18.2 dBic. The array antenna with a waveguide transition is fabricated through multilayer PCB process and has a size of $72\;\text{mm} \times 48\;\text{mm} \times 2.2\;\text{mm}$ .
10 Apr 2016
TL;DR: In this paper, the design of a millimeter-wave (mm-wave) dielectric resonator (DR) multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system is presented.
Abstract: The design of a millimeter-wave (mm-wave) dielectric resonator (DR) multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system is presented. The MIMO structure consists of four arrays each radiating in one of four opposite directions. Each array is composed of four cylindrical DR antenna elements (cDRAs) operating at 30 GHz with a fractional bandwidth of at least 6.7%. The elements are fed via slot coupling which isolates the radiating elements from the feeding network. Also, each array in the MIMO system has a fixed and tilted beam enabling good MIMO operation which results from a passive microstrip-based feed network. The four arrays are closely packed in two pairs with each pair occupying only 20 × 10 × 3.1 mm3 on the top layer of the PCB. The proposed antenna can be used for compact mobiles that support 5G data links.
TL;DR: In this article, a 3D printable flexible filament, based on NinjaFlex, has been adopted for manufacturing the substrate of a 3-D printed patch antenna, which is tested under different bending conditions.
Abstract: This letter presents one of the first examples of the exploitation of 3-D printing in the fabrication of microwave components and antennas. Additive manufacturing represents an enabling technology for a wide range of electronic devices, thanks to its inherent features of fast prototyping, the reasonable accuracy, fully 3-D topologies, and the low fabrication cost. A novel 3-D printable flexible filament, based on NinjaFlex, has been adopted for manufacturing the substrate of a 3-D printed patch antenna. NinjaFlex is a recently introduced material with extraordinary features in terms of mechanical strain, flexibility, and printability. Initially, the electrical properties of this material are investigated at 2.4 GHz using the ring resonator technique. The capability of selectively changing the dielectric constant by modifying the printed material density by fine-tuning printing infill percentage is verified experimentally. Subsequently, a square patch antenna is prototyped through 3-D printing and measured to validate the manufacturing technology. Finally, exploiting mechanical flexibility properties of NinjaFlex, the antenna is tested under different bending conditions.
TL;DR: In this article, an asymmetrical coplanar strip (ACPS) wall is proposed to suppress the mutual coupling between two closely spaced 5.8 GHz microstrip antennas, which introduces an additional coupling path to reduce the antenna coupling, occupying just a small area between the two antennas.
Abstract: This letter describes an asymmetrical coplanar strip (ACPS) wall to suppress the mutual coupling between two closely spaced 5.8-GHz microstrip antennas. The ACPS wall, which is inserted vertically between the two antennas, introduces an additional coupling path to reduce the antenna coupling, occupying just a small area between the two antennas. The decoupling effect of the proposed structure is verified by the simulation and measurement. The experimental results show that the achieved isolation is better than 35 dB and reaches a maximum of 54.3 dB at 5.8 GHz, with an extremely close antenna distance of 0.03λ0 (edge-to-edge distance). The measured patterns indicate that the proposed structure also improves the radiation of the microstrip antenna.
TL;DR: In this article, a wideband, low profile and high gain dielectric resonator antenna with two different permittivities is proposed. But the antenna is not suitable for wideband applications.
Abstract: A wideband, low profile and high gain dielectric resonator antenna is investigated in this letter. The antenna consists of two dielectric layers with different permittivities and it is centrally fed by a rectangular slot. By placing the dielectric layer of low permittivity (2.2) below that of high permittivity (15), the antenna with low profile of $0.1{\lambda _0}$ can obtain a 10-dB impedance bandwidth of $\sim 40\% $ and an average gain of $\sim 9~\hbox{dBi}$ .
Patent•
08 Feb 2016TL;DR: In this paper, an apparatus includes a substrate package and a three-dimensional antenna structure formed in the substrate package, and the 3D antenna structure includes multiple substructures to enable the antenna structure to operate as a beamforming antenna.
Abstract: An apparatus includes a substrate package and a three dimensional (3D) antenna structure formed in the substrate package. The 3D antenna structure includes multiple substructures to enable the 3D antenna structure to operate as a beam-forming antenna. Each of the multiple substructures has a slanted-plate configuration or a slanted-loop configuration.
TL;DR: The stable impedance performance and the simultaneous wide axial ratio and radiated power beam widths make it an ideal candidate as a wearable antenna for off-body communications and reduces interference and crosstalk with other existing wireless systems.
Abstract: A compact circularly polarized (CP) integrated filtering antenna is reported for wearable biotelemetric devices in the 2.4 GHz ISM band. The design is based on a mutual synthesis of a CP patch antenna connected to a bandpass filter composed of coupled stripline open-loop resonators, which provides an integrated low-profile radiating and filtering module with a compact form factor of $0.44\lambda_{0}\times 0.44\lambda_{0}\times 0.04\lambda_{0}$ . The optimized filtering antenna is fabricated and measured, achieving an $S_{11} , an axial ratio of less than 3 dB and gain higher than 3.5 dBi in the targeted ISM band. With the integrated filtering functionality, the antenna exhibits good out-of-band rejection over an ultra-wide frequency range of 1–6 GHz . Further full-wave simulations and experiments were carried out, verifying that the proposed filtering antenna maintains these desirable properties even when mounted in close proximity to the human body at different positions. The stable impedance performance and the simultaneous wide axial ratio and radiated power beam widths make it an ideal candidate as a wearable antenna for off-body communications. The additional integrated filtering functionality further improves utility by greatly reducing interference and crosstalk with other existing wireless systems.
TL;DR: In this article, a modified 2 × 2 and 3 × 3 series-fed patch antenna arrays with beam-steering capability are designed and fabricated for 28 GHz millimeter-wave applications.
Abstract: New modified 2 × 2 and 3 × 3 series-fed patch antenna arrays with beam-steering capability are designed and fabricated for 28-GHz millimeter-wave applications. In the designs, the patches are connected to each other continuously and in symmetric 2-D format using the high-impedance microstrip lines. In the first design, 3-D beam-scanning range of ± 25° and good radiation and impedance characteristics were attained by using only one phase shifter. In the second one, a new mechanism is introduced to reduce the number of the feed ports and the related phase shifters (from default number 2 N to the reduced number N + 1 in the serial feed (here N = 3) and then the cost, complexity, and size of the design. Here, good scanning performance of a range of ± 20°, acceptable sidelobe level, and gain of 15.6 dB are obtained. These features allow to use additional integrated circuits to improve the gain and performance. A comparison to the conventional array without modification is done. The measured and simulated results and discussions are presented.
TL;DR: In this article, a planar quad element wideband antenna for multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system is proposed in this communication, which consists of a partially grounded printed monopole antenna loaded with a split ring resonator.
Abstract: A compact planar quad element wideband antenna for multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system is proposed in this communication. A single element consists of a partially grounded printed monopole antenna loaded with a split ring resonator. The bandwidth of the antenna is from 2.2 to 6.28 GHz (96.2%), which covers LTE (2.2–3.8 GHz), Bluetooth (2.4 GHz), WLAN (2.4 and 5.1–5.8 GHz), WiMAX (2.3–5.7 GHz), and ISM bands (2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz). The fabricated antenna has an isolation greater than 14 dB between its elements, with a peak gain of 4 dBi and a peak efficiency of 91%. Polarization diversity is employed to accommodate four elements in an FR4 substrate, with an overall dimension of $0.33\lambda \times 0.33\lambda \times 0.01\lambda $ . The antenna has a simple planar design which is easy to fabricate with no intricate process involved.
TL;DR: In this paper, a novel S-shaped periodic defected ground structure (PDGS) is proposed to reduce mutual coupling between antenna elements, which achieves more than 40 dB mutual coupling reduction between microstrip antenna elements.
Abstract: A novel S-shaped periodic defected ground structure (PDGS) is proposed to reduce mutual coupling between antenna elements. Coplanar placed antenna elements work at the same frequency band with centre frequency 2.57 GHz. Centre-to-centre distance between the antenna elements is 50 mm which is ~0.43λ. The PDGS is three S-shaped defected ground structure units placed between microstrip antenna elements. By using the proposed PDGS, more than 40 dB mutual coupling reduction between microstrip antenna elements is achieved.
TL;DR: In this paper, a single-fed microstrip patch antenna with loading of shorting pins for high-gain circularly polarized (CP) radiation is proposed, where two sets of metallic pins are symmetrically placed along the two orthogonal diagonals of a square patch radiator at first.
Abstract: A single-fed microstrip patch antenna (MPA) with loading of shorting pins for high-gain circularly polarized (CP) radiation is proposed in this paper. Two sets of metallic pins are symmetrically placed along the two orthogonal diagonals of a square patch radiator at first. Due to the shunt inductive effect brought by these shorting pins, the resonant frequency of the dominant mode in this MPA is progressively tuned up so as to enlarge the electrical size of this pin-loaded patch resonator and to enhance its radiation directivity. After the optimal loading position is investigated for maximum directivity of linear polarization, one pair of the inner pins is slightly shifted in an offset to properly separate the two degenerate modes, so that the CP radiation can be excited. Moreover, upon request, either left-handed or right-handed circular polarization can be obtained by means of different position-offset scheme of the inner pins along the diagonals. After extensive analysis is executed, two equal-size CP MPAs with and without shorting pins are fabricated and tested. Simulated and measured results show good agreement and demonstrate that the CP directivity is enhanced from 8.0 (conventional MPA) to 10.8 dBic, indicating a 2.8-dB increment by means of the proposed approach.
TL;DR: In this paper, a planar triple-band microstrip antenna for WLAN/WiMAX applications is proposed. But the proposed antenna consists of F-shaped slot radiators and a defected ground plane, and it can only operate in three distinct bands I from 2.0 to 2.76, II from 3.04 to 4.0, and III from 5.2 to 6.0 GHz.
Abstract: This communication presents a small, low-profile planar triple-band microstrip antenna for WLAN/WiMAX applications. The goal of this communication is to combine WLAN and WiMAX communication standards simultaneously into a single device by designing a single antenna that can excite triple-band operation. The designed antenna has a compact size of $19 \times 25\;\text{mm}^{2}$ ( $0.152 \lambda_{0}\;\times 0.2 \lambda_{0}$ ). The proposed antenna consists of F-shaped slot radiators and a defected ground plane. Since only two F-shaped slots are etched on either sides of the radiator for triple-band operation, the radiator is very compact in size and simple in structure. The antenna shows three distinct bands I from 2.0 to 2.76, II from 3.04 to 4.0, and III from 5.2 to 6.0 GHz, which covers entire WLAN (2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz) and WiMAX (2.5/3.5/5.5) bands. To validate the proposed design, an experimental prototype has been fabricated and tested. Thus, the simulation results along with the measurements show that the antenna can simultaneously operate over WLAN (2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz) and WiMAX (2.5/3.5/5.5 GHz) frequency bands.
TL;DR: In this article, a microstrip-fed dual-polarized stepped-impedance (SI) slot antenna element with a low profile is proposed, which is composed of two pairs of SI slots excited by two orthogonal stepped microstrip feedlines.
Abstract: In this letter, a microstrip-fed dual-polarized stepped-impedance (SI) slot antenna element with a low profile is first proposed. The antenna is composed of two pairs of SI slots excited by two orthogonal stepped microstrip feedlines. The broadband characteristic is achieved by combining the fundamental and spurious resonances of the SI slot resonators, while the good cross polarization is mainly due to the introduction of the shorting pins. Secondly, based on the proposed antenna, a four-element antenna array is designed, constructed, and measured for base-station applications. Measured results demonstrate the bandwidths (return loss ) of the antenna array are 46.9% (1.55-2.5 GHz) and 38.7% (1.69-2.5 GHz) for Port 1 and Port 2, respectively. The isolation between the two ports is greater than 35 dB, whereas the cross-polarization level maintains lower than -27 dB across the entire operating band. In addition, the antenna array prototype achieves average gains of 13.5 and 13.9 dBi for horizontal polarization and vertical polarization, respectively.
TL;DR: In this paper, a new design of an antenna array with integrated functions of filtering, harmonics suppression, and radiation is proposed, which employs a multi-port network of coupled resonators.
Abstract: In this paper, a new design of an antenna array with integrated functions of filtering, harmonics suppression, and radiation is proposed. The device employs a multi-port network of coupled resonators, which is synthesized and designed as a whole to fulfill the functions of filtering, power combination/division, and radiation. The 50- $\Omega $ interfaces between the cascaded filter, power divider, and antenna in traditional RF front-ends are eliminated to achieve a highly integrated and compact structure. A novel resonator-based four-way out-of-phase filtering power divider is proposed and designed. It is coupled to the patch array, rendering a fourth-order filtering response. The coupling matrix of the resonator network is synthesized. The physical implementations of the resonators and their couplings are detailed. Compared to a traditional patch array, the integrated filtering array shows an improved bandwidth and frequency selectivity. In addition, the harmonic of the antenna array is suppressed due to the use of different types of resonators. To verify the concept, a $2\times 2$ filtering array at S-band is designed, prototyped, and tested. Good agreement between simulations and measurements has been achieved, demonstrating the integrated filtering antenna array has the merits of wide bandwidth, high frequency selectivity, harmonics suppression, stable antenna gain, and high polarization purity.
01 Jan 2016
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