다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Recent data have expanded the concept that inflammation is a critical component of tumour progression. Many cancers arise from sites of infection, chronic irritation and inflammation. It is now becoming clear that the tumour microenvironment, which is largely orchestrated by inflammatory cells, is an indispensable participant in the neoplastic process, fostering proliferation, survival and migration. In addition, tumour cells have co-opted some of the signalling molecules of the innate immune system, such as selectins, chemokines and their receptors for invasion, migration and metastasis. These insights are fostering new anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches to cancer development.

Inflammation and cancer

Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism.

Integrins: versatility, modulation, and signaling in cell adhesion.

President Horwitz, Members of the AAP, Ladies and Gentlemen: it is a great pleasure and a very special honor to present the prestigious Kober Medal to Stuart Kornfeld, the very model of the quintessential physician-scientist. Growing up with the ancient traditions of India, I learned the significance of the Guru-Shishya relationship (1), in which the Guru (teacher) is the one who has great knowledge, wisdom, and authority in a certain area and uses it to guide others — and the Shishya is the student or disciple. The principle is that subtle or advanced knowledge is best conveyed through a strong human relationship based on the student’s respect and on the personal instruction by which the student eventually masters the knowledge that the Guru embodies.

/pdf/introduction-of-stuart-kornfeld-1e21nihvx7.pdf

Introduction of Stuart Kornfeld.

erythrocytes ABO blood group glycans modulate sialic acid recognition on

Abstract 1637: Adventures in the Biological Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Evolution of Sialic Acids

Cytotoxic A subunits of bacterial AB5 toxins enter the cytosol following B subunit binding to host cell glycans. We report that A subunit phylogeny evolves independently of B subunits and suggest a future B subunit nomenclature based on species name. Phylogenetic analysis of B subunits that bind sialic acids (Sias) with homologous molecules in databases also show poor correlation with phylogeny. These data indicate ongoing lateral gene transfers between species, with mixing of A and B subunits. Some B subunits are not even associated with A subunits e.g., YpeB of Yersinia pestis, the etiologic agent of plague epidemics. Plague cannot be eradicated because of Y. pestis adaptability to numerous hosts. YpeB shares 58% identity/79% similarity with the homo-pentameric B subunit of E. coli Subtilase cytotoxin, and 48% identity/68% similarity with the B subunit of S. Typhi typhoid toxin. We previously showed selective binding of B5 pentamers to a sialoglycan microarray, with Sia preferences corresponding to hosts e.g., N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac; prominent in humans) or N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc; prominent in ruminant mammals and rodents). Consistent with much broader host range of Y. pestis, YpeB binds all mammalian sialic acid types, except for 4-O-acetylated ones. Notably, YpeB alone causes dose-dependent cytotoxicity, abolished by a mutation (Y77F) eliminating Sia recognition, suggesting cell proliferation and death via lectin-like cross-linking of cell surface sialoglycoconjugates. These findings help explain the host range of Y. pestis and could be important for pathogenesis. Overall, our data indicate ongoing rapid evolution of both host Sias and pathogen toxin-binding properties.

/pdf/rapid-evolution-of-bacterial-ab5-toxin-b-subunits-50zenlk25v.pdf

Rapid evolution of bacterial AB5 toxin B subunits independent of A subunits: sialic acid binding preferences correlate with host range and toxicity

The present invention provides N-acetyl derivatives of sialic acids, including N-acetyl derivatives of Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc. Methods for preparing related precursors and a variety of sialosides are also disclosed.

Ajit Varki

Papers

Introduction of Stuart Kornfeld.

erythrocytes ABO blood group glycans modulate sialic acid recognition on

Abstract 1637: Adventures in the Biological Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Evolution of Sialic Acids

Rapid evolution of bacterial AB5 toxin B subunits independent of A subunits: sialic acid binding preferences correlate with host range and toxicity

N-acetylated sialic acids and related sialosides