S
Steven Ritz
Researcher at University of California, Santa Cruz
Publications - 52
Citations - 8821
Steven Ritz is an academic researcher from University of California, Santa Cruz. The author has contributed to research in topics: Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope & Dark matter. The author has an hindex of 36, co-authored 52 publications receiving 8331 citations.
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Journal ArticleDOI
The spectral energy distribution of fermi bright blazars
A. A. Abdo,A. A. Abdo,Markus Ackermann,Ivan Agudo,Marco Ajello,Hugh D. Aller,Margo F. Aller,Emmanouil Angelakis,A. A. Arkharov,Magnus Axelsson,Magnus Axelsson,Uwe Bach,Luca Baldini,Jean Ballet,Guido Barbiellini,Denis Bastieri,B. M. Baughman,Keith Bechtol,Ronaldo Bellazzini,Erika Benítez,Andrei Berdyugin,B. Berenji,Roger Blandford,E. D. Bloom,Markus Boettcher,Emanuele Bonamente,A. W. Borgland,Johan Bregeon,A. Brez,M. Brigida,P. Bruel,T. H. Burnett,David N. Burrows,S. Buson,G. A. Caliandro,L. Calzoletti,R. A. Cameron,M. Capalbi,P. A. Caraveo,D. Carosati,J. M. Casandjian,E. Cavazzuti,C. Cecchi,Omer Celik,Omer Celik,E. Charles,Sylvain Chaty,A. Chekhtman,A. Chekhtman,Wen Ping Chen,James Chiang,G. Chincarini,Stefano Ciprini,R. Claus,Johann Cohen-Tanugi,S. Colafrancesco,L. R. Cominsky,Jan Conrad,Jan Conrad,L. Costamante,S. Cutini,F. D'Ammando,R. Deitrick,V. D'Elia,Charles D. Dermer,A. De Angelis,F. de Palma,Seth Digel,I. Donnarumma,E. Do Couto E Silva,Persis S. Drell,R. Dubois,Deborah Dultzin,D. Dumora,A. D. Falcone,C. Farnier,C. Favuzzi,S. J. Fegan,W. B. Focke,E. Forné,P. Fortin,Marco Frailis,Lars Fuhrmann,Yasushi Fukazawa,Stefan Funk,P. Fusco,José L. Gómez,F. Gargano,Dario Gasparrini,Neil Gehrels,S. Germani,B. Giebels,Nicola Giglietto,Paolo Giommi,F. Giordano,A. Giuliani,T. Glanzman,G. Godfrey,I. A. Grenier,Caryl Gronwall,J. E. Grove,L. Guillemot,L. Guillemot,Sylvain Guiriec,Mark Gurwell,D. Hadasch,Y. Hanabata,Alice K. Harding,M. Hayashida,E. Hays,S. E. Healey,Jochen Heidt,David Hiriart,D. Horan,E. A. Hoversten,R. E. Hughes,Ryosuke Itoh,Miranda Jackson,Miranda Jackson,Gudlaugur Johannesson,A. S. Johnson,W. N. Johnson,Svetlana G. Jorstad,Matthias Kadler,T. Kamae,Hideaki Katagiri,Jun Kataoka,Nobuyuki Kawai,J. A. Kennea,Matthew Kerr,Givi N. Kimeridze,Jürgen Knödlseder,M. L. Kocian,E. N. Kopatskaya,Ekaterina Koptelova,Tatiana S. Konstantinova,Yuri Y. Kovalev,Yu. A. Kovalev,Omar M. Kurtanidze,M. Kuss,J. Lande,Valeri M. Larionov,Luca Latronico,Paolo Leto,Elina Lindfors,Francesco Longo,F. Loparco,Benoit Lott,M. N. Lovellette,P. Lubrano,Grzegorz Madejski,A. Makeev,A. Makeev,P. Marchegiani,Alan P. Marscher,F. E. Marshall,Walter Max-Moerbeck,M. N. Mazziotta,W. McConville,W. McConville,Julie McEnery,Julie McEnery,C. Meurer,Peter F. Michelson,W. Mitthumsiri,Tsunefumi Mizuno,A. A. Moiseev,A. A. Moiseev,C. Monte,M. E. Monzani,A. Morselli,Igor V. Moskalenko,S. Murgia,I. Nestoras,K. Nilsson,N. A. Nizhelsky,P. L. Nolan,J. P. Norris,E. Nuss,T. Ohsugi,Roopesh Ojha,Nicola Omodei,E. Orlando,Jonathan F. Ormes,J. P. Osborne,M. Ozaki,L. Pacciani,Paolo Padovani,C. Pagani,K. L. Page,David Paneque,J. H. Panetta,D. Parent,M. Pasanen,Vasiliki Pavlidou,V. Pelassa,M. Pepe,M. Perri,Melissa Pesce-Rollins,S. Piranomonte,F. Piron,C. Pittori,T. A. Porter,Simonetta Puccetti,Farid Rahoui,S. Rainò,C. M. Raiteri,Robert R. Rando,M. Razzano,A. Reimer,A. Reimer,Olaf Reimer,Olaf Reimer,T. Reposeur,Joseph L. Richards,Steven Ritz,L.S. Rochester,A. Y. Rodriguez,Roger W. Romani,J. A. Ros,M. Roth,P. Roustazadeh,Felix Ryde,Felix Ryde,H. F.W. Sadrozinski,A. C. Sadun,David Sánchez,A. Sander,P. M. Saz Parkinson,Jeffrey D. Scargle,A. Sellerholm,Carmelo Sgrò,M. S. Shaw,Lorand A. Sigua,E. J. Siskind,David A. Smith,P. D. Smith,Gloria Spandre,P. Spinelli,Jean-Luc Starck,Mark Stevenson,G. Stratta,M. S. Strickman,D. J. Suson,H. Tajima,Hiromitsu Takahashi,Tadayuki Takahashi,L. O. Takalo,Takaaki Tanaka,J. B. Thayer,J. G. Thayer,D. J. Thompson,L. Tibaldo,Diego F. Torres,Gino Tosti,A. Tramacere,A. Tramacere,Yasunobu Uchiyama,T. L. Usher,V. Vasileiou,V. Vasileiou,F. Verrecchia,N. Vilchez,M. Villata,V. Vitale,A. P. Waite,Paul J. Wang,Brian L Winer,K. S. Wood,T. Ylinen,T. Ylinen,J. A. Zensus,G. V. Zhekanis,M. Ziegler +273 more
Abstract: We have conducted a detailed investigation of the broadband spectral properties of the gamma-ray selected blazars of the Fermi LAT Bright AGN Sample (LBAS). By combining our accurately estimated Fermi gamma-ray spectra with Swift, radio, infra-red, optical, and other hard X-ray/gamma-ray data, collected within 3 months of the LBAS data taking period, we were able to assemble high-quality and quasi-simultaneous spectral energy distributions (SED) for 48 LBAS blazars. The SED of these gamma-ray sources is similar to that of blazars discovered at other wavelengths, clearly showing, in the usual log nu-log nu F-nu representation, the typical broadband spectral signatures normally attributed to a combination of low-energy synchrotron radiation followed by inverse Compton emission of one or more components. We have used these SED to characterize the peak intensity of both the low-and the high-energy components. The results have been used to derive empirical relationships that estimate the position of the two peaks from the broadband colors (i.e., the radio to optical, alpha(ro), and optical to X-ray, alpha(ox), spectral slopes) and from the gamma-ray spectral index. Our data show that the synchrotron peak frequency (nu(S)(peak)) is positioned between 10(12.5) and 10(14.5) Hz in broad-lined flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) and between 10(13) and 10(17) Hz in featureless BL Lacertae objects. We find that the gamma-ray spectral slope is strongly correlated with the synchrotron peak energy and with the X-ray spectral index, as expected at first order in synchrotron-inverse Compton scenarios. However, simple homogeneous, one-zone, synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) models cannot explain most of our SED, especially in the case of FSRQs and low energy peaked (LBL) BL Lacs. More complex models involving external Compton radiation or multiple SSC components are required to reproduce the overall SED and the observed spectral variability. While more than 50% of known radio bright high energy peaked (HBL) BL Lacs are detected in the LBAS sample, only less than 13% of known bright FSRQs and LBL BL Lacs are included. This suggests that the latter sources, as a class, may be much fainter gamma-ray emitters than LBAS blazars, and could in fact radiate close to the expectations of simple SSC models. We categorized all our sources according to a new physical classification scheme based on the generally accepted paradigm for Active Galactic Nuclei and on the results of this SED study. Since the LAT detector is more sensitive to flat spectrum gamma-ray sources, the correlation between nu(S)(peak) and gamma-ray spectral index strongly favors the detection of high energy peaked blazars, thus explaining the Fermi overabundance of this type of sources compared to radio and EGRET samples. This selection effect is similar to that experienced in the soft X-ray band where HBL BL Lacs are the dominant type of blazars.
Journal ArticleDOI
The spectrum of isotropic diffuse gamma-ray emission between 100 MeV and 820 GeV
Markus Ackermann,Marco Ajello,Andrea Albert,W. B. Atwood,Luca Baldini,Jean Ballet,Guido Barbiellini,Denis Bastieri,Keith Bechtol,Ronaldo Bellazzini,Elisabetta Bissaldi,Roger Blandford,E. D. Bloom,Eugenio Bottacini,T. J. Brandt,Johan Bregeon,P. Bruel,R. Buehler,Sara Buson,G. A. Caliandro,R. A. Cameron,M. Caragiulo,P. A. Caraveo,E. Cavazzuti,Claudia Cecchi,E. Charles,A. Chekhtman,James Chiang,G. Chiaro,Stefano Ciprini,R. Claus,Johann Cohen-Tanugi,Jan Conrad,Alessandro Cuoco,S. Cutini,F. D'Ammando,A. De Angelis,F. de Palma,Charles D. Dermer,Seth Digel,E. Do Couto E Silva,Persis S. Drell,C. Favuzzi,E. C. Ferrara,W. B. Focke,Anna Franckowiak,Yasushi Fukazawa,Stefan Funk,P. Fusco,F. Gargano,Dario Gasparrini,S. Germani,Nicola Giglietto,P. Giommi,Ferdinando Giordano,Marcello Giroletti,G. Godfrey,G. A. Gomez-Vargas,I. A. Grenier,Sylvain Guiriec,Michael Gustafsson,Daniela Hadasch,K. Hayashi,E. Hays,John W. Hewitt,P. Ippoliti,T. Jogler,Gudlaugur Johannesson,A. S. Johnson,W. N. Johnson,T. Kamae,Jun Kataoka,Jürgen Knödlseder,M. Kuss,Stefan Larsson,Luca Latronico,J. Li,Liang Li,Francesco Longo,F. Loparco,B. Lott,M. N. Lovellette,P. Lubrano,G. M. Madejski,Alberto Manfreda,Francesco Massaro,M. Mayer,M. N. Mazziotta,Julie McEnery,P. F. Michelson,W. Mitthumsiri,Tsunefumi Mizuno,A. A. Moiseev,M. E. Monzani,A. Morselli,Igor V. Moskalenko,S. Murgia,Rodrigo Nemmen,E. Nuss,T. Ohsugi,Nicola Omodei,E. Orlando,J. F. Ormes,David Paneque,J.H. Panetta,J. S. Perkins,Melissa Pesce-Rollins,F. Piron,G. Pivato,T. A. Porter,S. Rainò,R. Rando,M. Razzano,Soebur Razzaque,A. Reimer,Olaf Reimer,T. Reposeur,Steven Ritz,R. W. Romani,Miguel A. Sánchez-Conde,M. Schaal,André Schulz,Carmelo Sgrò,E. J. Siskind,Gloria Spandre,P. Spinelli,Andrew W. Strong,D. J. Suson,Hiromitsu Takahashi,J. G. Thayer,J. B. Thayer,L. Tibaldo,M. Tinivella,Diego F. Torres,Gino Tosti,Eleonora Troja,Yasunobu Uchiyama,Giacomo Vianello,Michael David Werner,Brian L Winer,K. S. Wood,Matthew J.A. Wood,Gabrijela Zaharijas,Shanta M. Zimmer +143 more
TL;DR: The IGRB spectrum shows a significant high-energy cutoff feature, and can be well described over nearly four decades in energy by a power law with exponential cutoff having a spectral index of $2.32\pm0.02$ and a break energy of $(279\pm52)$ GeV using our baseline diffuse Galactic emission model as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Measurement of Separate Cosmic-Ray Electron and Positron Spectra with the Fermi Large Area Telescope
Markus Ackermann,Marco Ajello,Alice Allafort,W. B. Atwood,Luca Baldini,Guido Barbiellini,Denis Bastieri,Keith Bechtol,Ronaldo Bellazzini,B. Berenji,Roger Blandford,E. D. Bloom,Emanuele Bonamente,A. W. Borgland,A. Bouvier,Johan Bregeon,M. Brigida,P. Bruel,R. Buehler,S. Buson,G. A. Caliandro,R. A. Cameron,P. A. Caraveo,J. M. Casandjian,C. Cecchi,E. Charles,A. Chekhtman,C. C. Cheung,C. C. Cheung,James Chiang,Stefano Ciprini,R. Claus,Johann Cohen-Tanugi,Jan Conrad,S. Cutini,A. De Angelis,F. de Palma,Charles D. Dermer,Seth Digel,E. Do Couto E Silva,Persis S. Drell,Alex Drlica-Wagner,C. Favuzzi,S. J. Fegan,Elizabeth C. Ferrara,W. B. Focke,P. Fortin,Yasushi Fukazawa,Stefan Funk,P. Fusco,F. Gargano,Dario Gasparrini,S. Germani,Nicola Giglietto,Paolo Giommi,F. Giordano,Marcello Giroletti,T. Glanzman,G. Godfrey,Isabelle Grenier,J. E. Grove,Sylvain Guiriec,Mats Gustafsson,D. Hadasch,Alice K. Harding,M. Hayashida,M. Hayashida,R. E. Hughes,Gudlaugur Johannesson,A. S. Johnson,T. Kamae,Hideaki Katagiri,Jun Kataoka,Jürgen Knödlseder,M. Kuss,J. Lande,Luca Latronico,Marianne Lemoine-Goumard,M. Llena Garde,Francesco Longo,F. Loparco,M. N. Lovellette,P. Lubrano,Grzegorz Madejski,M. N. Mazziotta,Julie McEnery,Julie McEnery,Peter F. Michelson,W. Mitthumsiri,Tsunefumi Mizuno,Alexander Moiseev,Alexander Moiseev,C. Monte,M. E. Monzani,A. Morselli,Igor V. Moskalenko,S. Murgia,Takeshi Nakamori,P. L. Nolan,Jay P. Norris,E. Nuss,Masanori Ohno,T. Ohsugi,Akira Okumura,Nicola Omodei,E. Orlando,Jonathan F. Ormes,M. Ozaki,David Paneque,David Paneque,D. Parent,Melissa Pesce-Rollins,M. Pierbattista,F. Piron,G. Pivato,T. A. Porter,S. Rainò,Riccardo Rando,M. Razzano,Soebur Razzaque,Soebur Razzaque,A. Reimer,A. Reimer,Olaf Reimer,Olaf Reimer,T. Reposeur,Steven Ritz,Roger W. Romani,M. Roth,Hartmut Sadrozinski,Carla Sbarra,T. Schalk,Carmelo Sgrò,E. J. Siskind,Gloria Spandre,P. Spinelli,Andrew W. Strong,Hiromitsu Takahashi,Tadayuki Takahashi,Takaaki Tanaka,J. G. Thayer,J. B. Thayer,Luigi Tibaldo,M. Tinivella,Diego F. Torres,Gino Tosti,Eleonora Troja,Yasunobu Uchiyama,T. L. Usher,Justin Vandenbroucke,V. Vasileiou,Giacomo Vianello,V. Vitale,A. P. Waite,Brian L Winer,K. S. Wood,Matthew Wood,Z. Yang,Stephan Zimmer +158 more
TL;DR: The Fermi Large Area Telescope measured separate cosmic-ray electron and positron spectra to distinguish the two species by exploiting Earth's shadow, and it is confirmed that the fraction rises with energy in the 20-100 GeV range.
Journal ArticleDOI
Constraining Dark Matter Models from a Combined Analysis of Milky Way Satellites with the Fermi Large Area Telescope
Markus Ackermann,Marco Ajello,Andrea Albert,W. B. Atwood,Luca Baldini,Jean Ballet,Guido Barbiellini,Denis Bastieri,Keith Bechtol,Ronaldo Bellazzini,B. Berenji,Roger Blandford,E. D. Bloom,Emanuele Bonamente,A. W. Borgland,Johan Bregeon,M. Brigida,P. Bruel,R. Buehler,T. H. Burnett,S. Buson,G. A. Caliandro,R. A. Cameron,B. Canadas,P. A. Caraveo,J. M. Casandjian,C. Cecchi,E. Charles,A. Chekhtman,James Chiang,Stefano Ciprini,R. Claus,Johann Cohen-Tanugi,Jan Conrad,S. Cutini,A. De Angelis,F. de Palma,Charles D. Dermer,Seth Digel,E. Do Couto E Silva,Persis S. Drell,Alex Drlica-Wagner,L. Falletti,C. Favuzzi,S. J. Fegan,Elizabeth C. Ferrara,Yasushi Fukazawa,Stefan Funk,P. Fusco,F. Gargano,Dario Gasparrini,N. Gehrels,S. Germani,Nicola Giglietto,F. Giordano,Marcello Giroletti,T. Glanzman,G. Godfrey,I. A. Grenier,Sylvain Guiriec,Mats Gustafsson,Daniela Hadasch,M. Hayashida,M. Hayashida,E. Hays,R. E. Hughes,Tesla E. Jeltema,Gudlaugur Johannesson,R. P. Johnson,A. S. Johnson,T. Kamae,Hideaki Katagiri,Jun Kataoka,Jürgen Knödlseder,M. Kuss,J. Lande,Luca Latronico,Andrea Lionetto,M. Llena Garde,Francesco Longo,F. Loparco,Benoit Lott,M. N. Lovellette,P. Lubrano,Grzegorz Madejski,M. N. Mazziotta,Julie McEnery,Julie McEnery,J. Mehault,Peter F. Michelson,W. Mitthumsiri,Tsunefumi Mizuno,C. Monte,M. E. Monzani,A. Morselli,Igor V. Moskalenko,S. Murgia,M. Naumann-Godo,Jay P. Norris,E. Nuss,T. Ohsugi,Akira Okumura,Nicola Omodei,E. Orlando,Jonathan F. Ormes,M. Ozaki,David Paneque,David Paneque,D. Parent,D. Parent,Melissa Pesce-Rollins,M. Pierbattista,F. Piron,G. Pivato,T. A. Porter,Stefano Profumo,S. Rainò,M. Razzano,A. Reimer,A. Reimer,Olaf Reimer,Olaf Reimer,Steven Ritz,M. Roth,Hartmut Sadrozinski,Carla Sbarra,Jeffrey D. Scargle,T. Schalk,Carmelo Sgrò,E. J. Siskind,Gloria Spandre,P. Spinelli,Louis E. Strigari,D. J. Suson,H. Tajima,H. Tajima,Hiromitsu Takahashi,Takaaki Tanaka,J. G. Thayer,J. B. Thayer,D. J. Thompson,L. Tibaldo,M. Tinivella,Diego F. Torres,Eleonora Troja,Yasunobu Uchiyama,Justin Vandenbroucke,V. Vasileiou,Giacomo Vianello,V. Vitale,A. P. Waite,Paul J. Wang,Brian L Winer,K. S. Wood,Matthew Wood,Zhenwei Yang,Stephan Zimmer +156 more
TL;DR: This work presents a search for dark matter consisting of weakly interacting massive particles, applying a joint likelihood analysis to 10 satellite galaxies with 24 months of data of the Fermi Large Area Telescope, and is able to rule out models with the most generic cross section, using gamma rays.
Journal ArticleDOI
A limit on the variation of the speed of light arising from quantum gravity effects
A. A. Abdo,Markus Ackermann,Marco Ajello,Katsuaki Asano,W. B. Atwood,Magnus Axelsson,Magnus Axelsson,Luca Baldini,Jean Ballet,Guido Barbiellini,Guido Barbiellini,Matthew G. Baring,Denis Bastieri,Denis Bastieri,Keith Bechtol,Ronaldo Bellazzini,B. Berenji,P. N. Bhat,Elisabetta Bissaldi,E. D. Bloom,Emanuele Bonamente,Emanuele Bonamente,J. Bonnell,J. Bonnell,A. W. Borgland,A. Bouvier,Johan Bregeon,Alessandro Brez,Michael S. Briggs,M. Brigida,P. Bruel,J. M. Burgess,T. H. Burnett,G.A. Caliandro,R. A. Cameron,P. A. Caraveo,J. M. Casandjian,C. Cecchi,C. Cecchi,Oe Celik,Vandiver Chaplin,E. Charles,C. C. Cheung,C. C. Cheung,James Chiang,Stefano Ciprini,Stefano Ciprini,R. Claus,Johann Cohen-Tanugi,L. R. Cominsky,Valerie Connaughton,Jan Conrad,S. Cutini,C. D. Dermer,A. De Angelis,A. De Angelis,F. de Palma,Seth Digel,Brenda Dingus,E. Do Couto E Silva,Persis S. Drell,Richard Dubois,D. Dumora,Christian Farnier,C. Favuzzi,Stephen Fegan,Justin D. Finke,Gerald J. Fishman,W. B. Focke,Luigi Foschini,Yasushi Fukazawa,Stefan Funk,P. Fusco,F. Gargano,Dario Gasparrini,Neil Gehrels,Neil Gehrels,S. Germani,S. Germani,L. Gibby,B. Giebels,Nicola Giglietto,Francesco Giordano,T. Glanzman,G. Godfrey,Jonathan Granot,Jochen Greiner,I. A. Grenier,M.-H. Grondin,J. E. Grove,Dirk Grupe,L. Guillemot,Sylvain Guiriec,Y. Hanabata,Alice K. Harding,M. Hayashida,E. Hays,E. A. Hoversten,R. E. Hughes,Gudlaugur Johannesson,A. S. Johnson,R. P. Johnson,W. N. Johnson,T. Kamae,Hideaki Katagiri,Jun Kataoka,Jun Kataoka,Nobuyuki Kawai,Matthew Kerr,R. M. Kippen,J. Knoedlseder,Daniel Kocevski,Chryssa Kouveliotou,F. Kuehn,M. Kuss,J. Lande,Luca Latronico,Marianne Lemoine-Goumard,Francesco Longo,Francesco Longo,F. Loparco,Benoit Lott,M. N. Lovellette,P. Lubrano,P. Lubrano,Grzegorz Madejski,A. Makeev,A. Makeev,M. N. Mazziotta,Sheila McBreen,Sheila McBreen,Julie McEnery,S. McGlynn,Peter Mészáros,C. Meurer,Peter F. Michelson,W. Mitthumsiri,Tsunefumi Mizuno,A. A. Moiseev,C. Monte,M. E. Monzani,Elena Moretti,Elena Moretti,A. Morselli,Igor V. Moskalenko,S. Murgia,Takeshi Nakamori,P. L. Nolan,J. P. Norris,Eric Nuss,Masanori Ohno,T. Ohsugi,Nicola Omodei,E. Orlando,Jonathan F. Ormes,M. Ozaki,W. S. Paciesas,David Paneque,J. H. Panetta,D. Parent,V. Pelassa,M. Pepe,M. Pepe,Melissa Pesce-Rollins,Vahé Petrosian,F. Piron,T. A. Porter,Robert D. Preece,S. Rainò,Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz,Riccardo Rando,Riccardo Rando,M. Razzano,Soebur Razzaque,A. Reimer,Olaf Reimer,T. Reposeur,Steven Ritz,L.S. Rochester,A. Y. Rodriguez,M. Roth,Felix Ryde,Hartmut Sadrozinski,David Sanchez,A. Sander,P. M. Saz Parkinson,Jeffrey D. Scargle,T. Schalk,Carmelo Sgrò,E. J. Siskind,David A. Smith,P. D. Smith,Gloria Spandre,P. Spinelli,P. Spinelli,Michael Stamatikos,Michael Stamatikos,Floyd W. Stecker,M. S. Strickman,D. J. Suson,Hiroyasu Tajima,Hiromitsu Takahashi,Tadayuki Takahashi,Takaaki Tanaka,J. B. Thayer,J. G. Thayer,D. J. Thompson,L. Tibaldo,L. Tibaldo,L. Tibaldo,Kenji Toma,Diego F. Torres,Gino Tosti,Gino Tosti,Eleonora Troja,Eleonora Troja,Yasunobu Uchiyama,Yasunobu Uchiyama,T. Uehara,T. L. Usher,A. J. van der Horst,V. Vasileiou,N. Vilchez,V. Vitale,V. Vitale,A. von Kienlin,A. P. Waite,Paul J. Wang,Colleen A. Wilson-Hodge,Brian L Winer,K. S. Wood,Xue-Feng Wu,Xue-Feng Wu,Ryo Yamazaki,T. Ylinen,T. Ylinen,M. Ziegler +236 more
TL;DR: The detection of emission up to ∼31 GeV from the distant and short GRB, and no evidence for the violation of Lorentz invariance is found, which disfavour quantum-gravity theories in which the quantum nature of space–time on a very small scale linearly alters the speed of light.