Vera P. Mourits

TL;DR: It is shown that BCG vaccination of healthy humans induces long-lasting changes in neutrophil phenotype, characterized by increased expression of activation markers and antimicrobial function, which persists for at least 3 months after vaccination and is associated with genome-wide epigenetic modifications in trimethylation at histone 3 lysine 4.

TL;DR: It is shown that rationally designed nanobiologics can promote trained immunity and elicit a durable anti-tumor response either as a monotherapy or in combination with checkpoint inhibitor drugs.

TL;DR: It is suggested that BCG vaccination might be associated with a decrease in the incidence of sickness during the COVID-19 pandemic, and lower incidence of extreme fatigue, and large randomized trials are needed to reveal if BCG reduces the incidence and/or severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

TL;DR: The capacity of BCG to enhance microbial responsiveness while dampening systemic inflammation should be further explored for potential therapeutic applications.

TL;DR: BCG vaccination in the morning induces stronger trained immunity and adaptive responses compared to evening vaccination, and future studies should take vaccine administration time into account when studying specific and non-specific effects of vaccines.