Showing papers by "French Institute of Health and Medical Research published in 1984"
TL;DR: Prehension movements were studied by film in 7 adult subjects and found that transportation of the hand to the target-object location had features very similar to any aiming arm movement, that is, it involved a fast-vel velocity initial phase and a low-velocity final phase.
Abstract: Prehension movements were studied by film in 7 adult subjects. Transportation of the hand to the target-object location had features very similar to any aiming arm movement, that is, it involved a fast-velocity initial phase and a low-velocity final phase. The peak velocity of the movement was highly correlated with its amplitude, although total movement duration tended to remain invariant when target distance was changed. The low-velocity phase consistently began after about 75% of movement time had elapsed. This ration was maintained for different movement amplitudes. Formation of the finger grip occurred during hand transportation. Fingers were first stretched and then began to close in anticipation to contact with the object. The onset of the closure phase was highly correlated to the beginning of the low velocity phase of transportation. This pattern for both transportation and finger grip formation was maintained in conditions whether visual feedback from the moving limb was present or not. Implications of these findings for the central programming of multisegmental movements are discussed.
1,308 citations
TL;DR: An early rebound (before 5.5 yr) is followed by a significantly higher adiposity level than a later rebound (after 7 yr), which is observed whatever the subject's adiposity at 1 yr.
882 citations
TL;DR: It is shown here that a carbohydrate moiety recognized by L2 and HNK-1 monoclonal antibodies, is present in mouse N-CAM and LI, which points to a previously undetected molecular diversity which may have functional implications for modulating cell adhesion during development.
Abstract: Cell surface molecules have been implicated in cell interactions which underlie formation of the nervous system. The analysis of the functional properties of such molecules has profited from the combined use of antibodies and cell culture systems. It has been suggested that the interplay between these molecules modulates cell-to-cell interaction at critical developmental stages. In the mouse, N-CAM and L1 antigen have been shown to mediate Ca2+-independent adhesion among neural cells. N-CAM plays a role in fasciculation of neurites and formation of neuromuscular junction. L1 is apparently not involved in synaptogenesis, but in migration of granule cell neurones in the developing mouse cerebellar cortex. The two antigens are distinct molecular and functional entities which act synergistically in aggregation of neuroblastoma and early postnatal cerebellar cells. In view of a certain similarity in function between the two groups of molecules, it was not surprising to find that structural similarities are detectable by the monoclonal antibody L2. We show here that a carbohydrate moiety recognized by L2 and HNK-1 monoclonal antibodies, is present in mouse N-CAM and L1. The L2 epitope appears on all major neural cell types but not all N-CAM molecules express it. This heterogeneity points to a previously undetected molecular diversity which may have functional implications for modulating cell adhesion during development.
722 citations
TL;DR: Serum BGP appears to be a specific marker for bone formation and can predict the histological profile in PMO and should be valuable in assessing the effects of treatments that increase bone formation.
666 citations
TL;DR: The complete amino acid sequence (703 amino acid residues) of human lactotransferrin has been determined and prediction of the secondary structure of the two homologous moieties of human dairy product has been performed.
Abstract: The complete amino acid sequence (703 amino acid residues) of human lactotransferrin has been determined. The location of the disulfide bridges has also been investigated. Computer analysis established internal homology of the two domains (residues 1 - 338 and residues 339 - 703). Each domain contains a single iron-binding site and a single glycosylation site (asparagine residues 137 and 490) located in homologous positions. Prediction of the secondary structure of the two homologous moieties of human lactotransferrin has also been performed. The present results allowed a series of comparisons to be made with human serum transferrin and hen ovotransferrin.
533 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that IVIg contains anti-idiotypes against autoantibodies and may be effective in the treatment of some autoimmune diseases through idiotypic/anti-IDiotypic interactions.
466 citations
TL;DR: This work altered the rabies glycoprotein cDNA by site-directed mutagenesis and removed the poly(dG) tail, aligned the modified cDNA with an early VV promoter sequence inserted within a cloned copy of the vaccinia thymidine kinase gene and transfected this plasmid into VV-infected cells to produce a novel rabies vaccine.
Abstract: Rabies is one of the oldest diseases know to man, but its successful control has remained elusive. Although effective vaccines of tissue culture origin against rabies do exist, such preparations are expensive. Live vaccinia virus (VV) recombinants expressing influenza or hepatitis B antigens have recently been used to immunize against these diseases. We have now used this approach to produce a novel rabies vaccine. We first altered the rabies glycoprotein cDNA by site-directed mutagenesis and removed the poly(dG) tail. We then aligned the modified cDNA with an early VV promoter sequence inserted within a cloned copy of the vaccinia thymidine kinase gene and transfected this plasmid into VV-infected cells. Recombination between the virus and the plasmid resulted in a recombinant virus harbouring the rabies glycoprotein cDNA. Inoculation of rabbits with the live recombinant virus induced high titres of rabies virus-neutralizing antibodies, and scarification with the recombinant VV protected mice against challenge with street rabies virus.
444 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, two restriction and modification systems were found in Streptococcus lactis strain IL594 which was found to contain 9 plasmids designated pIL1 to pIL9.
409 citations
TL;DR: Eight infants developed a progressive disorder of the central nervous system with bilateral spasticity and dystonia, acquired microcephaly, and a rapid course toward profound deterioration and death, although some features, especially the pleocytosis, may erroneously suggest an inflammatory condition.
Abstract: Eight infants developed a progressive disorder of the central nervous system with bilateral spasticity and dystonia, acquired microcephaly, and a rapid course toward profound deterioration and death. All the patients had abnormal cerebrospinal fluid with mild but persistent lymphocytosis. Computed tomography showed various combinations of bilateral symmetrical calcifications in the basal ganglia, progressive brain atrophy, and deep white matter hypodensities, the first two being present in all families but not in every individual patient. The disorder is familial and probably genetic in origin, although some features, especially the pleocytosis, may erroneously suggest an inflammatory condition.
407 citations
TL;DR: The adenovirus-2 early region 1A (E1A) products repress activation of transcription induced by the simian virus 40, polyoma virus and adenova-2 E1A enhancers through interaction between the enhancer elements and a trans-acting factor(s).
Abstract: The adenovirus-2 early region 1A (E1A) products repress activation of transcription induced by the simian virus 40, polyoma virus and adenovirus-2 E1A enhancers. The repression probably involves an interaction between the enhancer elements and a trans-acting factor(s), possibly the E1A products themselves.
365 citations
TL;DR: Fatty acid analysis in isolated cellular and subcellular material from sunflower‐fed animals showed that the total amount of unsaturated fatty acids was not reduced in any cellular or sub cellular fraction (except in 60‐day‐old rat neurons).
Abstract: Rats were fed through four generations with a semisynthetic diet containing 1.0% sunflower oil (6.7 mg/ g n-6 fatty acids, 0.04 mg/g n-3 fatty acids). Ten days before mating, half of the animals received a diet in which sunflower was replaced by soya oil (6.6 mg/g n-6 fatty acids, 0.8 mg/g n-3 fatty acids) and analyses were performed on their pups. Fatty acid analysis in isolated cellular and subcellular material from sunflower-fed animals showed that the total amount of unsaturated fatty acids was not reduced in any cellular or subcellular fraction (except in 60-day-old rat neurons). All material from animals fed with sunflower oil showed an important reduction in the docosahexaenoic acid content, compensated (except in 60-day-old rat neurons) by an increase in the n-6 fatty acids (mainly C22:5 n-6). When comparing 60-day-old animals fed with soya oil or sunflower oil, the n-3/n-6 fatty acid ratio was reduced 16-fold in oligodendrocytes, 12-fold in myelin, twofold in neurons, sixfold in synaptosomes, and threefold in astrocytes. No trienes were detected. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were hardly affected. This study provides data on the fatty acid composition of isolated brain cells.
TL;DR: There is a significant relationship between the prematurity rate and the number of high fatigue scores observed in the job, and this relationship remains significant after controlling for confounding factors.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the elements of fatigue in occupations which constitute possible risk factors for the course of a pregnancy, and, in particular, that could cause premature birth. In 1977-1978, a total of 3437 women in France were surveyed after giving birth in two maternity hospitals. One hospital was located in Lyon (a large city) and the other in Haguenau (a small town). Among 1928 working women, it was found that certain occupational categories are more prone to risk of prematurity than others. The authors carried out an analytical breakdown of the job into its diverse components which led them to define five sources of fatigue and to construct an index capable of detecting the strenuous working conditions. There is a significant relationship between the prematurity rate and the number of high fatigue scores observed in the job. When the number of scores varies from 0 to 5 the rate of premature births increases from 2.3% to 11.1%. This relationship remains significant after controlling for confounding factors.
TL;DR: The nucleotide and derived amino-acid sequences were compared to previously determined sequences, particularly to those of hormone-regulated proteins and growth factors, and no obvious similarities were observed.
Abstract: We present the complete sequence of an mRNA which is induced by estrogen in the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 [pS2 mRNA, Masiakowski et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 10, 7895-7903 (1982)]. Primer extension and cloning of double-stranded cDNA (ds-cDNA) into a vector designed to make full-length cDNA were used to determine the sequence of the fifteen 5'-terminal nucleotides which were not present in the original pS2 ds-cDNA clone. The mRNA sequence has a major open reading frame encoding 84 amino-acids, flanked by a 40 nucleotide 5'-untranslated region and a 198 nucleotide 3'-untranslated region preceding the polyA tail. The 3'-untranslated region contains a polyadenylation signal, AUUAAA, 14 nucleotides upstream from the polyA tail. The derived protein sequence contains a putative signal peptide region suggesting that the protein may be secreted. The nucleotide and derived amino-acid sequences were compared to previously determined sequences, particularly to those of hormone-regulated proteins and growth factors, and no obvious similarities were observed.
TL;DR: Comparing considerations as well as results of simulations suggest that GTS, ITS, and, in future, NLF may be valuable alternatives to NONMEM or modifications of it for estimation of population characteristics of pharmacokinetic parameters.
Abstract: Individual pharmacokinetic parameters can be viewed as independent realizations of a random variable. The probability density function of the variable is assumed to be specified by its first two mo...
TL;DR: The purpose of the present study is to determine whether prolonged administration of propranolol enhances the efficacy of this therapy.
TL;DR: Findings indicate that adult mammalian granulosa cells are capable of producing immunoreactive and bioactive AMH at a rate apparently similar to that already demonstrated for mature Sertoli cells and add yet another item to the homologies reported between male and female somatic gonadal cells.
Abstract: Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) has been detected by RIA in the follicular fluid of mature bovine ovaries and in incubation medium of bovine granulosa cells. Purification of AMH from two independent batches of follicular fluid was achieved with a yield of 11% and 15% respectively. Both ovarian and control testicular AMH produced near-complete regression of fetal rat Mullerian ducts exposed to it in culture at a final concentration of 200-300 mU/ml and were recognized by the same monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. These findings indicate that adult mammalian granulosa cells are capable of producing immunoreactive and bioactive AMH at a rate apparently similar to that already demonstrated for mature Sertoli cells and add yet another item to the homologies reported between male and female somatic gonadal cells.
TL;DR: The results indicate that 5-HT1 receptors are heterogeneous, and that [3H]PAT recognizes only a 5-ht1 subclass (called 5- HT1A).
TL;DR: A 46-year-old patient with a lesion limited to the left retrorolandic area without involvement of the prerolandic motor strip was examined and the role of somatosensory cortex in conveying kinesthetic input to the motor areas and the importance of vision in substituting for kinaesthetic loss are discussed.
Abstract: A 46-year-old patient with a lesion limited to the left retrorolandic area without involvement of the prerolandic motor strip was examined. Anaesthesia to tactile, warm, cold, and painful stimuli was complete for the right hand and wrist. Position sense was abolished for the right wrist and finger joints. Performance of the right hand in motor tasks was severely impaired. Simple visual and auditory reaction times were lengthened. Sustaining a constant level of force was impossible. In the absence of visual feedback, only simple, monoarticular movements could be correctly executed; more complex movements requiring coordination between several joints, such as prehension, were poorly, or not, performed. The role of somatosensory cortex in conveying kinaesthetic input to the motor areas and the importance of vision in substituting for kinaesthetic loss, are discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, a tripartite molecule with a long-lived photodriven charge-separated state of relatively high potential is formed from an excited singlet state in accordance with the above principles.
Abstract: The key steps in the photosynthetic conversion of light to chemical potential energy include not only photodriven charge separation, but also prevention of the back-reaction (charge recombination). Although the first of these steps has been achieved in several biomimetic solar energy conversion systems, retarding the back-reaction has proved more difficult. This may be accomplished by rapidly moving the electron, the hole, or both away from the site of excitation to more stabilizing environments. In photosynthetic membranes, the electron is transferred sequentially over several closely coupled molecules, including tetrapyrroles and quinones1–3. In semiconductor/liquid interfacial systems both the electron and the hole migrate following excitation4,5. We now report that substantial slowing of the back-reaction has been achieved with a tripartite molecule in which a long-lived photodriven charge-separated state of relatively high potential is formed from an excited singlet state in accordance with the above principles. This molecular triad (compound I) consists of a tetraarylporphyrin covalently linked to both a carotenoid and a quinone. In solution, excitation of the porphyrin moiety by visible light results in the rapid (<100 ps) formation of a transient species C+.−P−Q−−., with a lifetime on the μs time scale and an energy more than 1 eV above the ground state.
TL;DR: A good correlation was found between the results of the different test systems, allowing us to visualize dopamine specifically in glutaraldehyde-fixed rat brains.
TL;DR: The complete amino acid sequence of human preprocalcitonin could be deduced and an insert stimulating synthesis of the protein and containing restriction sites compatible with the previously published complete sequence of calcitonin mRNA from rat was sequenced.
TL;DR: The most striking result was that, in order to obtain analgesia from all regions of the PAG, it was necessary to apply intensities of central stimulation which also triggered other strong behavioral reactions, and analgesia was obtained from practically the entire PAG.
TL;DR: A clinical trial was conducted to compare mastectomy with local excision plus Cobalt irradiation, in patients with breast cancer tumors of 20 mm in diameter or less at macroscopic examination and no significant difference was detected in either overall or relapse‐free survival between the two groups.
Abstract: A clinical trial was conducted at the Institut Gustave Roussy between October 1972 and December 1980 to compare mastectomy with local excision plus Cobalt-irradiation, in patients with breast cancer tumors of 20 mm in diameter or less at macroscopic examination. Low-axillary dissection and extemporaneous histologic examination were carried out for all patients. If one or more positive nodes were found, complete axillary dissection was performed. The study included 179 patients. No significant difference was detected in either overall or relapse-free survival between the two groups, although the conservatively treated group showed slightly better results. The results of conservative treatment were esthetically satisfactory in 92% of the cases. The trial included a second randomization for the patients with positive axillary nodes to assess the value of nodal area irradiation; 72 patients were studied in this part of the trial. No significant differences were found between the two groups after adjustment for the number of positive axillary nodes, although the no-nodal irradiation group showed better results and less complications than the nodal irradiation group.
TL;DR: Since the medial prefrontal cortex receives converging projections from the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus and the dopaminergic neurons located in the ventromedial mesenscephalic tegmentum the responses of cortical neurons to ipsilateral VMT and MD stimulation were analyzed in ketamine anaesthetized rats.
TL;DR: Six mothers at risk of in utero virilization of female fetuses with 21-hydroxylase deficiency were treated with either hydrocortisone or dexamethasone in early pregnancy, with encouraging results.
TL;DR: The tracing of the limit between the caudate and putaminal territories shows that the two components are of roughly the same size in the pallidum, indication that the globus pallidus may have an integrative role.
Abstract: An atlas of transverse sections of the globus pallidus and striatum was established in macaque with reference to ventricular coordinates The three-dimensional geometry of the striato-pallidal complex was investigated by means of sagittal and horizontal reconstructions Both a personal case studied with autoradiography and data from literature were used to analyze the distribution of cortical axons into the striatum One may distinguish two striatal territories: one, somatotopically arranged, sensorimotor territory extending over the major part of the putamen; and the other, an associative territory, comprising the caudate nucleus and antero-medial and postero-inferior parts of the putamen The striato-pallido-nigral bundle was studied using Golgi, Perls, and Fink-Heimer techniques The bundle is described in four parts: prepallidal (subdivided into caudato-pallidal and putamino-pallidal subparts), transpallidal, pallido-nigral, and nigral The tracing of the limit between the caudate (associative) and putaminal (essentially sensorimotor) territories shows that the two components are of roughly the same size in the pallidum The data were compared with geometry and orientation of the dendritic arborizations of large pallidal neurons analyzed in Yelnik et al ('84) Each pallidal dendritic disc is able to receive axons from a wide region of the striatum This leads to a convergence on pallidal neurons of striatal axons from different striatal somatotopic strips and from the sensorimotor and associative territories This is an indication that the globus pallidus may have an integrative role
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Two I-131 labeled monoclonal antibodies that react specifically with human gastrointestinal cancers in cell cultures were administered to 90 cancer patients for the scintigraphic detection of cancer sites, showing significant accumulation in both 17-1A and 19-9.
Abstract: Two I-131 labeled monoclonal antibodies that react specifically with human gastrointestinal cancers in cell cultures were administered to 90 cancer patients for the scintigraphic detection of cancer sites. Antibody 17-1A, or its F(ab')/sub 2/ fragments, accumulated significantly in 27 of 46 (59%) colorectal cancer sites, but not in 21 nonepitheliomatous colon cancers and cancers at other sites. Antibody 19-9, or its F(ab')/sub 2/ fragments, showed significant accumulation in 19 out of 29 (66%) colorectal cancer sites. In 17 patients, immunoscintigraphy with antibody 19-9 correlated with an immunoperoxidase study with the same antibody on resected tissue speciments. In 12 patients injected with two antibodies (17-1A + 19-9, or anti-CEA + 19-9), ten of 13 colorectal cancer sites were positive.
TL;DR: There were also more caesarean sections and more preterm deliveries in the women allocated to cerclage although the differences between the two groups were small and not statistically significant.
TL;DR: It is suggested that when adult human hepatocytes are maintained in a culture which closely resembles their in vivo environment, they are capable of continuing to actively express specific cell functions.