Institution
French Institute of Health and Medical Research
Government•Paris, France•
About: French Institute of Health and Medical Research is a government organization based out in Paris, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Receptor. The organization has 109367 authors who have published 174236 publications receiving 8365503 citations.
Topics: Population, Receptor, Gene, Immune system, Antigen
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: These experiments of nature indicate that human IL-17A andIL-17F are essential for mucocutaneous immunity against C. albicans, but otherwise largely redundant.
Abstract: Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis disease (CMCD) is characterized by recurrent or persistent infections of the skin, nails, and oral and genital mucosae caused by Candida albicans and, to a lesser extent, Staphylococcus aureus , in patients with no other infectious or autoimmune manifestations. We report two genetic etiologies of CMCD: autosomal recessive deficiency in the cytokine receptor, interleukin-17 receptor A (IL-17RA), and autosomal dominant deficiency of the cytokine interleukin-17F (IL-17F). IL-17RA deficiency is complete, abolishing cellular responses to IL-17A and IL-17F homo- and heterodimers. By contrast, IL-17F deficiency is partial, with mutant IL-17F–containing homo- and heterodimers displaying impaired, but not abolished, activity. These experiments of nature indicate that human IL-17A and IL-17F are essential for mucocutaneous immunity against C. albicans , but otherwise largely redundant.
920 citations
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TL;DR: The SCCmec type assignments were identical to those made with a PCR system that uses numerous primer pairs to identify genes or gene alleles, and the system of six M-PCRs is thus a convenient and reliable method for typing S CCmec elements.
Abstract: Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing, in combination with genotyping of the Staphylococcus aureus chromosome, has become essential for defining methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) clones in epidemiological studies. We have developed a convenient system for SCCmec type assignment. The system consists of six multiplex PCRs (M-PCRs) for identifying the ccr gene complex (ccr), the mec gene complex (mec), and specific structures in the junkyard (J) regions: M-PCR with primer set 1 (M-PCR 1) identified five types of ccr genes; M-PCR 2 identified class A to class C mec; M-PCRs 3 and 4 identified specific open reading frames in the J1 regions of type I and IV and of type II, III, and V SCCmec elements, respectively; M-PCR 5 identified the transposons Tn554 and ΨTn554 integrated into the J2 regions of type II and III SCCmec elements; and M-PCR 6 identified plasmids pT181 and pUB110 integrated into J3 regions. The system was validated with 99 MRSA strains carrying SCCmec elements of different types. The SCCmec types of 93 out of the 99 MRSA strains could be assigned. The SCCmec type assignments were identical to those made with a PCR system that uses numerous primer pairs to identify genes or gene alleles. Our system of six M-PCRs is thus a convenient and reliable method for typing SCCmec elements.
920 citations
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that LCs were dispensable for triggering hapten-specific T cell effectors through skin immunization through knockin mice expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the control of the langerin (CD207) gene.
919 citations
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TL;DR: The de novo mutation associated with sex reversal provides compelling evidence that SRY is required for male sex determination.
Abstract: The testis-determining factor gene (TDF) lies on the Y chromosome and is responsible for initiating male sex determination. SRY is a gene located in the sex-determining region of the human and mouse Y chromosomes and has many of the properties expected for TDF. Sex reversal in XY females results from the failure of the testis determination or differentiation pathways. Some XY females, with gonadal dysgenesis, have lost the sex-determining region from the Y chromosome by terminal exchange between the sex chromosomes or by other deletions. If SRY is TDF, it would be predicted that some sex-reversed XY females, without Y chromosome deletions, will have suffered mutations in SRY. We have tested human XY females and normal XY males for alterations in SRY using the single-strand conformation polymorphism assay and subsequent DNA sequencing. A de novo mutation was found in the SRY gene of one XY female: this mutation was not present in the patient's normal father and brother. A second variant was found in the SRY gene of another XY female, but in this case the normal father shared the same alteration. The variant in the second case may be fortuitously associated with, or predisposing towards sex reversal; the de novo mutation associated with sex reversal provides compelling evidence that SRY is required for male sex determination.
918 citations
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TL;DR: Evidence that biological motion is processed as a special category, to which humans from an early age attribute mental states such as intention is reviewed, to support the idea that the brain is a powerful simulating machine, designed to extract intentions from the motion and to predict the future actions of other animate beings.
Abstract: Humans have an inherent tendency to infer other people's intentions from their actions. Here we review psychophysical and functional neuroimaging evidence that biological motion is processed as a special category, from which we automatically infer mental states such as intention. The mechanism underlying the attribution of intentions to actions might rely on simulating the observed action and mapping it onto representations of our own intentions. There is accumulating neurophysiological evidence to support a role for action simulation in the brain.
913 citations
Authors
Showing all 109539 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Guido Kroemer | 236 | 1404 | 246571 |
Pierre Chambon | 211 | 884 | 161565 |
Peer Bork | 206 | 697 | 245427 |
Ronald M. Evans | 199 | 708 | 166722 |
Raymond J. Dolan | 196 | 919 | 138540 |
Matthew Meyerson | 194 | 553 | 243726 |
Charles A. Dinarello | 190 | 1058 | 139668 |
Julie E. Buring | 186 | 950 | 132967 |
Tadamitsu Kishimoto | 181 | 1067 | 130860 |
Didier Raoult | 173 | 3267 | 153016 |
Giuseppe Remuzzi | 172 | 1226 | 160440 |
Zena Werb | 168 | 473 | 122629 |
Nahum Sonenberg | 167 | 647 | 104053 |
Philippe Froguel | 166 | 820 | 118816 |
Gordon J. Freeman | 164 | 579 | 105193 |