Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria

About: Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Adipose tissue. The organization has 528 authors who have published 579 publications receiving 18688 citations.

Chapter 21 – Obesity

Abstract: Obesity, defined as an excess fat mass, results from individual genetic and biological susceptibilities in response to the current weight-gain promoting environment. There is thus a synergistic relationship between genes and environment. Depending on the genes involved, different clinical situations are described: (1) monogenic obesity defined as rare and severe early-onset obesity associated with endocrine disorders, which are mainly due to autosomic recessive mutations in genes of the leptin-melanocortin axis – in some cases, such as leptin deficiency, specific treatments are efficient; (2) melanocortin 4 receptor-linked obesity characterized by the variable severity of obesity and the absence of additional phenotypes, which are involved in 2–3% of cases and eventually may benefit from new developed drugs (MC4R agonists); and (3) syndromic obesity where patients are clinically obese, and additionally distinguished by mental retardation, dysmorphic features, and organ-specific developmental abnormalities. No specific treatments are recommended except for hormonal substitution if necessary (growth hormone or gonadotrope deficiency).

Obesity: An Evolving Process

Abstract: Molecular profiling is a promising approach for the discovery of novel biological pathways or associations with clinical or genetic traits that may provide novel potential targets for therapy. Moreover, it also supports the ability to stratify subjects for improved obese subjects’ treatmentthrough personalized medicine and tailored treatments. This paper describes recent advances in obesity field based on transcriptomic or proteomic analyses in humans.