Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria

About: Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Adipose tissue. The organization has 528 authors who have published 579 publications receiving 18688 citations.

Heat Shock Protein 60 in Obesity: Effect of Bariatric Surgery and its Relation to Inflammation and Cardiovascular Risk.

Abstract: Objective Heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60) is an adipokine, and its serum concentrations are higher in patients with obesity compared to lean patients. This study aimed to analyze the effect of bariatric surgery on circulating concentrations of Hsp60 in morbid obesity and their correlation with inflammation and metabolic and cardiovascular risk. Methods Fifty-three females with morbid obesity undergoing bariatric surgery were enrolled. Serum parameters and anthropometric measures were obtained at baseline and 3 to 12 months post surgery. Results During the 12-month observation period, Hsp60 decreased significantly from 31.6 ± 4.7 ng/mL at baseline to 22.3 ± 3.0 ng/mL (3 months), 26.5 ± 5.5 (6 months), and 21.1 ± 3.3 ng/mL (12 months). Preoperatively, Hsp60 concentrations correlated positively with total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and negatively with adiponectin. At the end of the observation period, serum Hsp60 positively correlated with triglycerides, ApoB, HbA1c, and C-reactive protein (CRP). Patients in the highest quartile of serum Hsp60 were characterized by significantly elevated CRP and interleukin 6 independently of BMI, glycemia, and insulinemia. At baseline and 12 months after surgery, Hsp60 positively correlated with the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio and the cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio. Conclusions Hsp60 concentrations are elevated in morbid obesity and decreased after surgery-induced weight loss. Their correlation with inflammatory markers and cardiovascular risk might link obesity and cardiovascular disease.

A large-scale exome array analysis of venous thromboembolism.

Abstract: Although recent Genome-Wide Association Studies have identified novel associations for common variants, there has been no comprehensive exome-wide search for low-frequency variants that affect the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). We conducted a meta-analysis of 11 studies comprising 8,332 cases and 16,087 controls of European ancestry and 382 cases and 1,476 controls of African American ancestry genotyped with the Illumina HumanExome BeadChip. We used the seqMeta package in R to conduct single variant and gene-based rare variant tests. In the single variant analysis, we limited our analysis to the 64,794 variants with at least 40 minor alleles across studies (minor allele frequency [MAF] ~0.08%). We confirmed associations with previously identified VTE loci, including ABO, F5, F11, and FGA. After adjusting for multiple testing, we observed no novel significant findings in single variant or gene-based analysis. Given our sample size, we had greater than 80% power to detect minimum odds ratios greater than 1.5 and 1.8 for a single variant with MAF of 0.01 and 0.005, respectively. Larger studies and sequence data may be needed to identify novel low-frequency and rare variants associated with VTE risk.

Gut microbiota composition alterations are associated with the onset of diabetes in kidney transplant recipients

Abstract: Background The gut dysbiosis associated with diabetes acquired before or after kidney transplantation (KT) has not been explored. Methods Patients transplanted at our institution provided fecal samples before, and 3–9 months after KT. Fecal bacterial DNA was extracted and 9 bacteria or bacterial groups were quantified by qPCR. Results 50 patients (19 controls without diabetes, 15 who developed New Onset Diabetes After Transplantation, NODAT, and 16 with type 2 diabetes before KT) were included. Before KT, Lactobacillus sp. tended to be less frequently detected in controls than in those who would become diabetic following KT (NODAT) and in initially diabetic patients (60%, 87.5%, and 100%, respectively, p = 0.08). The relative abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii was 30 times lower in initially diabetic patients than in controls (p = 0.002). The relative abundance of F. prausnitzii of NODAT patients was statistically indistinguishable from controls and from diabetic patients. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus sp. increased following KT in NODAT and in initially diabetic patients (20-fold, p = 0.06, and 25-fold, p = 0.02, respectively). In contrast, the proportion of Akkermansia muciniphila decreased following KT in NODAT and in initially diabetic patients (2,500-fold, p = 0.04, and 50,000-fold, p<0.0001, respectively). The proportion of Lactobacillus and A. muciniphila did not change in controls between before and after the transplantation. Consequently, after KT the relative abundance of Lactobacillus sp. was 25 times higher (p = 0.07) and the relative abundance of A. muciniphila was 2,000 times lower (p = 0.002) in diabetics than in controls. Conclusion An alteration of the gut microbiota composition involving Lactobacillus sp., A. muciniphila and F. prausnitzii is associated with the glycemic status in KT recipients, raising the question of their role in the genesis of NODAT.