Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria

About: Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Adipose tissue. The organization has 528 authors who have published 579 publications receiving 18688 citations.

Deep Self-Organising Maps for efficient heterogeneous biomedical signatures extraction

Abstract: Feature selection is used to preserve significant properties of data in a compact space. In particular, feature selection is needed in applications, where information comes from multiple heterogeneous high dimensional sources. Data integration, however, is a challenge in itself.

Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Obesity

Abstract: Low-grade inflammation both at the systemic level and in the adipose tissue characterizes obesity. Among the different cell types contributing to adipose tissue inflammation, macrophages play a central role. The number and the phenotype of macrophages change in response to fat mass variations. A newly discovered local consequence of adipose tissue inflammation is fibrosis. How these immuno-inflammatory abnormalities link adipose tissue enlargement to obesity cardiometabolic co-morbidities is discussed in this chapter.

Heart rate in chronic heart failure: an overlooked risk factor

Abstract: This editorial refers to ‘Prognostic importance of temporal changes in resting heart rate in heart failure patients: an analysis of the CHARM program’[†][1], by A. Vazir et al ., on page 669. Heart rate measured by palpation and more recently by auscultation has been used for centuries to assess the cardiovascular condition of patients ( Figure 1 ). It is, however, only recently that the importance of heart rate measurement as a prognostic factor has been recognized in unselected healthy populations, patients with hypertension or coronary artery disease, after myocardial infarction, and in those with left ventricular dysfunction of ischaemic origin or heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.1–5 Moreover, it has been shown that in patients with chronic heart failure, reduced ejection fraction, in sinus rhythm, and with an elevated heart rate ( ≥ 70 b.p.m.) at baseline, the use of a pure heart rate-slowing agent, ivabradine, was associated with an improvement in cardiovascular outcomes.6 This observation suggests that in heart failure with low ejection fraction, heart rate not only is a risk marker but also is a modifiable risk factor, unlike what was recently observed in coronary disease patients with preserved cardiac function.7 Figure 1 Heart rate measurement: a simple and useful tool. Vazir et al . now report that in the large cohort of 7599 patients enrolled in the Candesartan in Heart failure … [1]: #fn-2

Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells Shape a Transmissible Gut Microbiota That Protects From Metabolic Diseases.

Abstract: Excess chronic contact between microbial motifs and intestinal immune cells is known to trigger a low-grade inflammation involved in many pathologies such as obesity and diabetes The important skewing of intestinal adaptive immunity in the context of diet-induced obesity (DIO) is well described, but how dendritic cells (DCs) participate in these changes is still poorly documented To address this question, we challenged transgenic mice with enhanced DC life span and immunogenicity (DChBcl-2 mice) with a high-fat diet Those mice display resistance to DIO and metabolic alterations The DIO-resistant phenotype is associated with healthier parameters of intestinal barrier function and lower intestinal inflammation DChBcl-2 DIO-resistant mice demonstrate a particular increase in tolerogenic DC numbers and function, which is associated with strong intestinal IgA, T helper 17, and regulatory T-cell immune responses Microbiota composition and function analyses reveal that the DChBcl-2 mice microbiota is characterized by lower immunogenicity and an enhanced butyrate production Cohousing experiments and fecal microbial transplantations are sufficient to transfer the DIO resistance status to wild-type mice, demonstrating that maintenance of DCs’ tolerogenic ability sustains a microbiota able to drive DIO resistance The tolerogenic function of DCs is revealed as a new potent target in metabolic disease management