Islamic Azad University

About: Islamic Azad University is a education organization based out in Tehran, Iran. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Catalysis. The organization has 83635 authors who have published 113437 publications receiving 1275049 citations. The organization is also known as: Azad University.

The effects of minimal length and maximal momentum on the transition rate of ultra cold neutrons in gravitational field

Abstract: The existence of a minimum observable length and/or a maximum observable momentum is in agreement with various candidates of quantum gravity such as string theory, loop quantum gravity, doubly special relativity and black hole physics. In this scenario, the Heisenberg uncertainty principle is changed to the so-called Generalized (Gravitational) Uncertainty Principle (GUP) which results in modification of all Hamiltonians in quantum mechanics. In this paper, following a recently proposed GUP which is consistent with quantum gravity theories, we study the quantum mechanical systems in the presence of both a minimum length and a maximum momentum. The generalized Hamiltonian contains two additional terms which are proportional to αp3 and α2p4 where α ∼ 1/MPlc is the GUP parameter. For the case of a quantum bouncer, we solve the generalized Schrodinger equation in the momentum space and find the modified energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions up to the second-order in GUP parameter. The effects of the GUP on the transition rate of ultra cold neutrons in gravitational spectrometers are discussed finally.

Failure mode transition in AHSS resistance spot welds. Part I. Controlling factors

Abstract: Failure mode of resistance spot welds is a qualitative indicator of weld performance. Two major types of spot weld failure are pull-out and interfacial fracture. Interfacial failure, which typically results in reduced energy absorption capability, is considered unsatisfactory and industry standards are often designed to avoid this occurrence. Advanced High Strength Steel (AHSS) spot welds exhibit high tendency to fail in interfacial failure mode. Sizing of spot welds based on the conventional recommendation of 4t0.5 (t is sheet thickness) does not guarantee the pullout failure mode in many cases of AHSS spot welds. Therefore, a new weld quality criterion should be found for AHSS resistance spot welds to guarantee pull-out failure. The aim of this paper is to investigate and analyze the transition between interfacial and pull-out failure modes in AHSS resistance spot welds during the tensile–shear test by the use of analytical approach. In this work, in the light of failure mechanism, a simple analytical model is presented for estimating the critical fusion zone size to prevent interfacial fracture. According to this model, the hardness ratio of fusion zone to pull-out failure location and the volume fraction of voids in fusion zone are the key metallurgical factors governing type of failure mode of AHSS spot welds during the tensile–shear test. Low hardness ratio and high susceptibility to form shrinkage voids in the case of AHSS spot welds appear to be the two primary causes for their high tendency to fail in interfacial mode.