London School of Economics and Political Science

About: London School of Economics and Political Science is a education organization based out in London, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Politics & Population. The organization has 8759 authors who have published 35017 publications receiving 1436302 citations.

On the Structure of Additive Inequality Measures

Abstract: This paper examines the properties of the family of additively separable inequality measures. In particular it investigates the possibility of decomposition of such a measure by population subgroups, and the scope for treating different groups in different ways within the overall measure. This differential treatment of subpopulations is potentially very important, as we shall see from a simplified example. Table I depicts an eight-" person " society arranged into two groups so that persons 5 to 8 (in group 2) have exactly twice the incomes of persons 1 to 4 (in group 1) respectively. Call the values of the inequality measure for group 1, for group 2 and for the whole population IP, j2 and I* respectively. If the inequality measure used is mean-independent and the same for either group and for the total, and if each income recipient is identical in every respect other than income, we expect Table I to yield I = 12 and I*> I. If the measure is decomposable then we can write I* = f(I', 12, PB) where jE is " between-group " inequality found by applying the measure to the vector of group average incomes ($2,500, $5,000). TABLE I

Mobile banking and economic development: linking adoption, impact, and use

Abstract: Around the globe, various initiatives use the mobile phone to provide financial services to those without access to traditional banks. Relatively little scholarly research explores the use of these m-banking/m-payments systems. This paper calls attention to this gap in the research literature, emphasizing the need for research focusing on the context(s) of m-banking/m-payments use. Presenting illustrative data from exploratory work with small enterprises in urban India, it argues that contextual research is a critical input to effective ‘adoption’ or ‘impact’ research. Further, it suggests that the challenges of linking studies of use to those of adoption and impact reflect established dynamics within the Information and Communication Technologies and Development (ICTD) research community. The paper identifies three cross-cutting themes from the broader literature (amplification vs. change, simultaneous causality, and a multi-dimensional definition of trust), each of which can offer increased theoretical ...

Global, regional, and national burden of suicide mortality 1990 to 2016: systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Abstract: Objectives To use the estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 to describe patterns of suicide mortality globally, regionally, and for 195 countries and territories by age, sex, and Socio-demographic index, and to describe temporal trends between 1990 and 2016. Design Systematic analysis. Main outcome measures Crude and age standardised rates from suicide mortality and years of life lost were compared across regions and countries, and by age, sex, and Socio-demographic index (a composite measure of fertility, income, and education). Results The total number of deaths from suicide increased by 6.7% (95% uncertainty interval 0.4% to 15.6%) globally over the 27 year study period to 817 000 (762 000 to 884 000) deaths in 2016. However, the age standardised mortality rate for suicide decreased by 32.7% (27.2% to 36.6%) worldwide between 1990 and 2016, similar to the decline in the global age standardised mortality rate of 30.6%. Suicide was the leading cause of age standardised years of life lost in the Global Burden of Disease region of high income Asia Pacific and was among the top 10 leading causes in eastern Europe, central Europe, western Europe, central Asia, Australasia, southern Latin America, and high income North America. Rates for men were higher than for women across regions, countries, and age groups, except for the 15 to 19 age group. There was variation in the female to male ratio, with higher ratios at lower levels of Socio-demographic index. Women experienced greater decreases in mortality rates (49.0%, 95% uncertainty interval 42.6% to 54.6%) than men (23.8%, 15.6% to 32.7%). Conclusions Age standardised mortality rates for suicide have greatly reduced since 1990, but suicide remains an important contributor to mortality worldwide. Suicide mortality was variable across locations, between sexes, and between age groups. Suicide prevention strategies can be targeted towards vulnerable populations if they are informed by variations in mortality rates.

The Economic Situation of First and Second‐Generation Immigrants in France, Germany and the United Kingdom*

Abstract: A central concern about immigration is the integration into the labour market, not only of the first generation but also of subsequent generations. Little comparative work exists for Europe’s largest economies. France, Germany and the UK have all become, perhaps unwittingly, countries with large immigrant populations albeit with very different ethnic compositions. Today, the descendants of these immigrants live and work in their parents destination countries. This article presents and discusses comparative evidence on the performance of first and second-generation immigrants in these countries in terms of education, earnings and employment. It is widely believed that many European countries have a serious problem with the integration of immigrants and their children (LEED, 2006). Many Northern European countries have accumulated sizeable populations of immigrants but the lack of longterm strategies and policies to integrate these into societal structures and the labour market is often cited as one reason for social and economic exclusion of the children of these immigrants. In the past decade, Southern European countries such as Spain and Italy have experienced similar, if not larger, immigrations than the large Northern European economies France, Germany and the UK in the late 1950s to early 1970s. Again, it seems that there is little thought devoted to long-term strategies for immigrants and their descendants. The experience of those countries that had large-scale immigration in the last half of the twentieth century should be of importance for devising future immigration and integration policies. However, there is rather little hard evidence in the literature about the relative position of immigrants and their descendants in these countries, in a manner that allows comparisons to be made. In this article, we aim to provide a comparative study of a number of outcomes (education, earnings and employment) of both first and second-generation immigrants of different origins in the three largest European economies: France, Germany and the UK.