Miami University

About: Miami University is a education organization based out in Oxford, Ohio, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 9949 authors who have published 19598 publications receiving 568410 citations. The organization is also known as: Miami of Ohio & Miami-Ohio.

Distribution of CORE–OM scores in a general population, clinical cut-off points and comparison with the CIS–R

Abstract: Background Although measures of psychopathology are designed for use in clinical populations, their meaning derives from comparison with normal populations. Aims To compare the distribution of scores on the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation – Outcome Measure (CORE –OM) from a general population sample with the distribution in an aggregated clinical sample to derive recommended cut-off points for determining clinical significance. Method The CORE–OM general population sample was based on a weighted subsample of participants in the psychiatric morbidity follow-up survey who completed valid CORE–OM forms following their interview (effective n =535). Results Comparison of the CORE–OM general population sample with a clinical sample aggregated from previous studies ( n =10761) yielded a cut-off score of 9.9 on the 0–40 scale of the CORE–OM. The CORE–OM was highly correlated ( r =0.77) with the Clinical Interview Schedule–Revised, supporting convergent validity. Conclusions We recommend rounding the CORE–OM cut-off score to 10. However, cut-off scores must be used thoughtfully and adjusted to fit context and purpose.

Geology and palaeontology of the Late Miocene Middle Awash valley, Afar rift, Ethiopia

Abstract: The Middle Awash study area of Ethiopia's Afar rift has yielded abundant vertebrate fossils (≈ 10,000), including several hominid taxa1,2,3,4. The study area contains a long sedimentary record spanning Late Miocene (5.3–11.2 Myr ago) to Holocene times. Exposed in a unique tectonic and volcanic transition zone between the main Ethiopian rift (MER) and the Afar rift, sediments along the western Afar rift margin in the Middle Awash provide a unique window on the Late Miocene of Ethiopia. These deposits have now yielded the earliest hominids, described in an accompanying paper5 and dated here to between 5.54 and 5.77 Myr. These geological and palaeobiological data from the Middle Awash provide fresh perspectives on hominid origins and early evolution. Here we show that these earliest hominids derive from relatively wet and wooded environments that were modulated by tectonic, volcanic, climatic and geomorphic processes. A similar wooded habitat also has been suggested for the 6.0 Myr hominoid fossils recently recovered from Lukeino, Kenya6. These findings require fundamental reassessment of models that invoke a significant role for global climatic change and/or savannah habitat in the origin of hominids.

Inertial and magnetic posture tracking for inserting humans into networked virtual environments

Abstract: Rigid body orientation can be determined without the aid of a generated source using nine-axis MARG (Magnetic field, Angular Rate, and Gravity) sensor unit containing three orthogonally mounted angular rate sensors, three orthogonal linear accelerometers and three orthogonal magnetometers. This paper describes a quaternion-based complementary filter algorithm for processing the output data from such a sensor. The filter forms the basis for a system designed to determine the posture of an articulated body in real-time. In the system the orientation relative to an Earth-fixed reference frame of each limb segment is individually determined through the use of an attached MARG sensor. The orientations are used to set the posture of an articulated body model. Details of the fabrication of a prototype MARG sensor are presented. Calibration algorithms for the sensors and the human body model are also presented. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the tracking system and verify the correctness of the underlying theory.

Culture in nonhuman primates

Abstract: ▪ Abstract Cultural primatology is hypothesized on the basis of social learning of group-specific behavior by nonhuman primates, especially in nature. Scholars ask different questions in testing this idea: what? (anthropologists), how? (psychologists), and why? (zoologists). Most evidence comes from five genera: Cebus (capuchin monkeys), Macaca (macaque monkeys), Gorilla (gorilla), Pongo (orangutan), and Pan (chimpanzees). Two species especially, Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata) and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), show innovation, dissemination, standardization, durability, diffusion, and tradition in both subsistence and nonsubsistence activities, as revealed by decades of longitudinal study.

Climate-induced changes in the small mammal communities of the Northern Great Lakes Region

Abstract: We use museum and other collection records to document large and extraordinarily rapid changes in the ranges and relative abundance of nine species of mammals in the northern Great Lakes region (white-footed mice, woodland deer mice, southern red-backed voles, woodland jumping mice, eastern chipmunks, least chipmunks, southern flying squirrels, northern flying squirrels, common opossums). These species reach either the southern or the northern limit of their distributions in this region. Changes consistently reflect increases in species of primarily southern distribution (white-footed mice, eastern chipmunks, southern flying squirrels, common opossums) and declines by northern species (woodland deer mice, southern red-backed voles, woodland jumping mice, least chipmunks, northern flying squirrels). White-footed mice and southern flying squirrels have extended their ranges over 225 km since 1980, and at particularly well-studied sites in Michigan's Upper Peninsula, small mammal assemblages have shifted from numerical domination by northern species to domination by southern species. Repeated resampling at some sites suggests that southern species are replacing northern ones rather than simply being added to the fauna. Observed changes are consistent with predictions from climatic warming but not with predictions based on recovery from logging or changes in human populations. Because of the abundance of these focal species (the eight rodent species make up 96.5% of capture records of all forest-dwelling rodents in the region and 70% of capture records of all forest-dwelling small mammals) and the dominating ecological roles they play, these changes substantially affect the composition and structure of forest communities. They also provide an unusually clear example of change that is likely to be the result of climatic warming in communities that are experienced by large numbers of people.