Miami University

About: Miami University is a education organization based out in Oxford, Ohio, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 9949 authors who have published 19598 publications receiving 568410 citations. The organization is also known as: Miami of Ohio & Miami-Ohio.

On the Meaning of Leisure: An Investigation of Some Determinants of the Subjective Experience

Abstract: This study investigates six determinants of the subjective leisure experience and attempts to validate them within the framework of existing leisure theory. Mixed results suggest that three of these—intrinsic satisfaction, perceived freedom, and involvement—are invariant across situational contexts, while the remaining ones—arousal, mastery, and spontaneity—are more activity-specific. Interactions between personal variables and the situation are shown to affect the leisure dimensions perceived.

Lipid peroxidation and scavenger enzymes during exercise: adaptive response to training.

Abstract: This study was designed to determine whether endurance training would influence the production of lipid peroxidation (LI-POX) by-products as indicated by malondialdehyde (MDA) at rest and after an acute exercise run. Additionally, the scavenger enzymes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were examined to determine whether changes in LIPOX are associated with alterations in enzyme activity both at rest and after exercise. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 32) were randomly assigned to either trained or sedentary groups and were killed either at rest or after 20 min of treadmill running. The training program increased oxidative capacity 64% in leg muscle. After exercise, the sedentary group demonstrated increased LIPOX levels in liver and white skeletal muscle, whereas the endurance-trained group did not show increases in LIPOX after exercise. CAT activity was higher in both red and white muscle after exercise in the trained animals. Total SOD activity was unaffected by either acute or chronic exercise. These data suggest that endurance training can result in a reduction in LIPOX levels as indicated by MDA during moderate-intensity exercise. It is possible that activation of the enzyme catalase and the increase in respiratory capacity were contributory factors responsible for regulating LIPOX after training during exercise.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae from the Respiratory Tract and Beyond

Abstract: Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an important cause of respiratory tract infections in children as well as adults that can range in severity from mild to life-threatening Over the past several years there has been much new information published concerning infections caused by this organism New molecular-based tests for M pneumoniae detection are now commercially available in the United States, and advances in molecular typing systems have enhanced understanding of the epidemiology of infections More strains have had their entire genome sequences published, providing additional insights into pathogenic mechanisms Clinically significant acquired macrolide resistance has emerged worldwide and is now complicating treatment In vitro susceptibility testing methods have been standardized, and several new drugs that may be effective against this organism are undergoing development This review focuses on the many new developments that have occurred over the past several years that enhance our understanding of this microbe, which is among the smallest bacterial pathogens but one of great clinical importance

Behavioural Diversity in Chimpanzees and Bonobos

Abstract: Preface G. Hohmann, C. Boesche and L. F. Marchant Main introduction C. Boesche Part I. Behavioural Flexibility: Introduction T. Matsuzawa 1. Multivariate and phylogenetic approaches to understanding chimpanzee and bonobo behavioural diversity D. M. Doran, W. L. Jungers, Y. Sugiyama, J. G. Fleagle and C. P. Heesy 2. Chimpanzees in the dry habitats of Mont Assirik, Senegal and Semliki Wildlife Reserve, Uganda K. D. Hunt and W. C. McGrew 3. Behavioural adaptations to water scarcity in Tongo chimpanzees A. Lanjouw 4. Bonobos of the Lukuru Wildlife Research Project J. Myers-Thompson 5. Grooming-hand-clasp in Mahale M Group chimpanzees: implications for culture in social behaviours M. Nakamura Part II. Social Relations: Introduction V. Reynolds 6. Factors influencing fission-fusion grouping in chimpanzees in the Tai National Park, Cote d'Ivoire D. P. Anderson, E. V. Nordheim and C. Boesch 7. Ecological and social correlates of chimpanzee party size and composition J. C. Mitani, D. P. Watts and J. S. Lwanga 8. Agonistic relations among Kanyawara chimpanzees M. N. Muller 9. Relationships of male chimpanzees in the Budongo Forest, Uganda N. E. Newton-Fisher 10. Dynamics in social organisation of bonobos (Pan paniscus) G. Hohmann and B. Fruth Part III. Female Strategies: The Females That Did Evolve: Introduction M. F. Small 11. Why female bonobos have a lower copulation rate during estrus than chimpanzees T. Furuichi and C. Hashimoto 12. Social relationships between cycling females and adult males in Mahale chimpanzees A. Matsumoto-Oda 13. Seasonal aspects of reproduction and sexual behaviour in two chimpanzee populations: a comparison of Gombe (Tanzania) and Budongo (Uganda) J. Wallis 14. Costs and benefits of grouping for female chimpanzees at Gombe J. M. Williams, H.-Y. Liu and A. E. Pusey 15. The cost of sexual attraction: is there a trade-off in female Pan between sex appeal and received coercion? R. Wrangham Part IV. Hunting and Food Sharing: Introduction L. F. Marchant 16. Variations in chimpanzee-red colobus interactions C. Boesch, S. Uehara and H. Ihobe 17. How bonobos handle hunts and harvests: why share food? B. Fruth and G. Hohmann 18. Hunting and meat sharing by chimpanzees at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda D. P. Watts and J. C. Mitani Part V. Genetic Diversity: 19. The evolutionary genetics and molecular ecology of chimpanzees and bonobos B. J. Bradley and L. Vigilant References Index.

Becoming Homosexual: A Model of Gay Identity Acquisition

Abstract: How do male homosexuals who choose homosexuality as a way of life recall having acquired their gay identities? This question provided the impetus for the descriptive study presented here. Rather than concerning itself with the etiology of homosexuality, this report-- a synthesis of and elaboration on recent investigations of homosexual and/or gay identity--concerns itself with documenting the ways in which a man learns that he is homosexual, how he realizes or decides that he is gay, and how he integrates this affectional and sexual preference into his identity or self-conception.