Miami University

About: Miami University is a education organization based out in Oxford, Ohio, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 9949 authors who have published 19598 publications receiving 568410 citations. The organization is also known as: Miami of Ohio & Miami-Ohio.

Motivation for youth participation in sport and physical activity: relationships to culture, self-reported activity levels, and gender.

Abstract: The purpose of the present investigation was to compare participation motives of youth in competitive sport versus physical activity using culture, self-reported physical activity levels, and gender as independent variables. Participants were 1,472 boys (n=822) and girls (n=650) from the United States, Australia, and New Zealand. Three self-report inventories were administered to all participants to determine the amount and frequency of participation as well as participation motives for competitive sport and physical activity. Results from principal component factor analyses revealed stability across cultures in the four factors describing competitive motives (i.e., competition, social/energy, fitness/fun, teamwork) as well as from the four factors describing physical activity motives (i.e., intrinsic, extrinsic, fitness, energy release) accounting for 44% and 51% of the variance, respectively. Results from the 3 x 2 x 3 (Physical Activity Frequency x Gender x Culture) MANOVA's on the competitive sport and physical activity questionnaires revealed significant multivariate main effects for all three independent variables for both questionnaires. Post hoc tests indicated that all four factors were related to these main effects across competitive and physical activity motives. Results are discussed in terms of the differing motives for sport and physical activity and the importance of understanding the particular social milieu in which these activities occur.

The meiotic protein SWI1 is required for axial element formation and recombination initiation in Arabidopsis.

Abstract: We report the detailed characterization of SWITCH1 (SWI1) an Arabidopsis thaliana protein that has been linked with the establishment of sister chromatid cohesion during meiosis. Using a combination of cytological methods including immunolocalization of meiotic chromosome-associated proteins we show that SWI1 is required for formation of axial elements. Our studies reveal that the swi1-2 mutation prevents the formation of RAD51 foci during meiotic prophase and suppresses the chromosome fragmentation phenotype of the recombination-defective dif1-1 mutant. Together, these data suggest that SWI1 may be required for meiotic recombination initiation. Finally we raised an antibody against SWI1 and showed, by immunolocalization coupled with bromodeoxyuridine incorporation experiments, that SWI1 is expressed exclusively in meiotic G 1 and S phase. Thus, SWI1 appears to be required for early meiotic events that are at the crossroad of sister chromatid cohesion, recombination and axial element formation. The possible inter-relationship between these processes and the function of SWI1 are discussed.

Elasticity and the Dialectic Tensions of Organizational Identity: How Can We Hold Together While We Are Pulling Apart?

Abstract: Given the ever-changing nature of contemporary workplaces, members often renegotiate how they view the identity of their organization One way they do so is by expanding or contracting their conception of organizational identity In studying these processes, we develop the construct of "identity elasticity"--the tensions that simultaneously stretch, while holding together, social constructions of identity To explicate the parameters of elasticity, we problematize previous conceptions of the three foundations of organizational identity--centrality, endurance, and distinctiveness--and document the dialectic tensions experienced in their social constructions We show how identity is experienced not only through a listing of attributes but also by negotiating a set of processual tensionsI ns o doing, we also bring together two competing views on organizational identity--process and characteristicWe show how experiencing and navigating the tensions of elasticity is a type of organizational identity work (process) that changes organizational members' con- structions of identity (characteristic) We develop our findings as a result of a 10-year-long multiple-method study of an organization undergoing significant growing pains in its identity--the Episcopal Church Further, we position elasticity as a crucial construct with implications for how organizational identity is viewed

Sediment microbial communities in Great Boiling Spring are controlled by temperature and distinct from water communities.

Abstract: Great Boiling Spring is a large, circumneutral, geothermal spring in the US Great Basin. Twelve samples were collected from water and four different sediment sites on four different dates. Microbial community composition and diversity were assessed by PCR amplification of a portion of the small subunit rRNA gene using a universal primer set followed by pyrosequencing of the V8 region. Analysis of 164 178 quality-filtered pyrotags clearly distinguished sediment and water microbial communities. Water communities were extremely uneven and dominated by the bacterium Thermocrinis. Sediment microbial communities grouped according to temperature and sampling location, with a strong, negative, linear relationship between temperature and richness at all taxonomic levels. Two sediment locations, Site A (87–80 °C) and Site B (79 °C), were predominantly composed of single phylotypes of the bacterial lineage GAL35 (p=36.1%), Aeropyrum (p=16.6%), the archaeal lineage pSL4 (p=15.9%), the archaeal lineage NAG1 (p=10.6%) and Thermocrinis (p=7.6%). The ammonia-oxidizing archaeon ‘Candidatus Nitrosocaldus’ was relatively abundant in all sediment samples <82 °C (p=9.51%), delineating the upper temperature limit for chemolithotrophic ammonia oxidation in this spring. This study underscores the distinctness of water and sediment communities in GBS and the importance of temperature in driving microbial diversity, composition and, ultimately, the functioning of biogeochemical cycles.

Earthquakes Induced by Hydraulic Fracturing in Poland Township, Ohio

Abstract: Felt seismicity induced by hydraulic fracturing is very rare, with only a handful of reported cases worldwide. Using an optimized multistation cross‐correlation template‐matching routine, 77 earthquakes were identified in Poland Township, Mahoning County, Ohio, that were closely related spatially and temporally to active hydraulic fracturing operations. We identified earthquakes as small as local magnitudes ( M L) ∼1 up to 3, potentially one of the largest earthquakes induced by hydraulic fracturing in the United States. These events all occurred from 4 to 12 March 2014, and the rate decayed once the Ohio Department of Natural Resources issued a shutdown of hydraulic fracturing at a nearby well on 10 March. Using a locally derived velocity model and double‐difference relocation, the earthquakes occurred during six stimulation stages along two horizontal well legs that were located ∼0.8 km away. Nearly 100 stimulation stages in nearby wells at greater distances from the earthquake source region did not coincide with detected seismicity. During the sequence, hypocenters migrated ∼600 m along an azimuth of 083°, defining a vertically oriented plane of seismicity close to the top of the Precambrian basement. The focal mechanism determined for the M L 3 event had a vertically oriented left‐lateral fault plane consistent with the earthquake distribution and the regional stress field. The focal mechanism, orientation, and depth of hypocenters were similar to those of the 2011 Youngstown earthquake sequence that occurred 18 km to the northwest and was correlated with wastewater injection instead of hydraulic fracturing. Considering the relatively large magnitude of the Poland Township events and the b ‐value of 0.89, it appears the hydraulic fracturing induced slip along a pre‐existing fault/fracture zone optimally oriented in the regional stress field.