Miami University

About: Miami University is a education organization based out in Oxford, Ohio, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 9949 authors who have published 19598 publications receiving 568410 citations. The organization is also known as: Miami of Ohio & Miami-Ohio.

Intragroup identification and intergroup differentiation: A multicomponent approach

Abstract: The factor structure of an intragroup identification scale was examined. Subjects participating in small groups worked on a decision-making task, completed the identification measure and made in-group and out-group evaluations. Three factors reflecting emotional, cognitive and individual/group interdependence aspects of identification accounted for 70.5 percent of the scale's total variance. Based upon these results, the identification scale was decomposed into three subscales. Correlations between subscale scores and differentiation were positive, but small in magnitude (range 0.23–0.28). In contrast, subscale scores were more strongly associated with the in-group aspect of differentiation (rs from 0.37 to 0.62). Implications of the findings for social identity theory are discussed along with the value of multicomponent conceptualizations and methodologies.

Relationship Between School Suspension and Student Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract: Although the association between school suspension and deleterious outcomes is widely acknowledged, policy and practice need to be informed by an evidence base derived from multiple studies reveali...

Haste does not always make waste: expertise, direction of attention, and speed versus accuracy in performing sensorimotor skills.

Abstract: In two experiments, we examined the attentional mechanisms governing sensorimotor skill execution across levels of expertise. In Experiment 1, novice and expert golfers took a series of putts under dual-task conditions designed to distract attention from putting and under skill-focused conditions that prompted attention to step-by-stePperformance. Novices performed better under skill-focused than under dual-task conditions. Experts showed the opposite pattern. In Experiment 2, novice and expert golfers putted under instructions that emphasized either putting accuracy or speed—the latter intended to reduce the time available to monitor and explicitly adjust execution parameters. Novices putted better under accuracy instructions. Experts were more accurate under speed instructions. In agreement with theories of skill acquisition and automaticity, novice performance is enhanced by conditions that allow for on-line attentional monitoring (e.g., skill-focused or accuracy instructions) in comparison with conditions that prevent explicit attentional control of skill execution (e.g., dual-task or speed constraints). In contrast, the proceduralized skill of experts benefits from environments that limit, rather than encourage, attention to execution.

The positive impact and development of hopeful leaders

Abstract: Although hope is commonly used in terms of wishful thinking, as a positive psychological concept consisting of the dimensions of both willpower (agency) and waypower (pathways), it has been found to be positively related to academic, athletic and health outcomes The impact of hopeful leaders, however, has not been empirically analyzed This exploratory study (N = 59) found that high‐ as compared to low‐hope leaders had more profitable work units and had better satisfaction and retention rates among their subordinates The implications of these preliminary findings of the positive impact that hopeful leaders may have in the workplace are discussed