National Research University – Higher School of Economics

About: National Research University – Higher School of Economics is a education organization based out in Moscow, Russia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Computer science. The organization has 12873 authors who have published 23376 publications receiving 256396 citations.

Dividing bads under additive utilities

Abstract: We compare the Egalitarian rule (aka Egalitarian Equivalent) and the Competitive rule (aka Comeptitive Equilibrium with Equal Incomes) to divide bads (chores). They are both welfarist: the competitive disutility profile(s) are the critical points of their Nash product on the set of efficient feasible profiles. The C rule is Envy Free, Maskin Monotonic, and has better incentives properties than the E rule. But, unlike the E rule, it can be wildly multivalued, admits no selection continuous in the utility and endowment parameters, and is harder to compute. Thus in the division of bads, unlike that of goods, no rule normatively dominates the other.

Covariant differential complexes on quantum linear groups

Abstract: We consider the possible covariant external algebra structures for Cartan's 1-forms ( Omega ) on GLq(N) and SLq(N). Our starting point is that the Omega realize an adjoint representation of quantum group and all monomials of the Omega possess the unique ordering. For the external algebras obtained define the differential mapping d possessing the usual nilpotence condition, and the generally deformed version of the Leibnitz rules. The status of the known examples of GLq(N)-differential calculi in the proposed classification scheme and the problems of SLq(N)-reduction are discussed.

Quantum Painlevé-Calogero correspondence for Painlevé VI

Abstract: This paper is a continuation of our previous paper where the Painleve-Calogero correspondence has been extended to auxiliary linear problems associated with Painleve equations. We have proved, for the first five equations from the Painleve list, that one of the linear problems can be recast in the form of the non-stationary Schrodinger equation whose Hamiltonian is a natural quantization of the classical Calogero-like Hamiltonian for the corresponding Painleve equation. In the present paper we establish the quantum Painleve-Calogero correspondence for the most general case, the Painleve VI equation. We also show how the desired special gauge and the needed choice of variables can be derived starting from the corresponding Schlesinger system with rational spectral parameter.

Transformation of partnership formation in Eastern Europe: The legacy of the past demographic divide

Abstract: INTRODUCTIONSince the late 1960s, demographic development in Europe has been shaped by profound transformations in nuptiality and fertility. The break with preceding patterns was so radical that two decades later, Ron Lesthaeghe and Dirk Van de Kaa (1986) introduced the concept of a Second Demographic Transition (SDT), which has gradually evolved into an overarching theoretical framework for the description and analysis of contemporary demographic change. Among the developments at the core of the SDT, the formation of partnerships outside marriage, the associated rise in non-marital childbearing to unprecedented levels, and the postponement of marriage are indeed some of the most salient transformations. The shift from marriage to cohabitation has far-reaching implications for the demographic structure of the population as well as for the institution of the family, social reproduction, and family relations. Unlike marriage, cohabitation is generally characterised by a lower degree of commitment, fewer entitlements, and a higher risk of disruption (Mills 2000; Prinz 1995; Wu 2000). In several countries, the postponement of marriage seems to have been compensated by an earlier and more frequent entry into cohabitation (Nazio 2008; Schoenmakers and Lodewijckx 1999). Because of the multiple effects on individuals' lives, the spread of non-marital cohabitation is a topic of considerable interest and policy relevance.Non-marital cohabitation is effectively replacing direct marriage as the means of initiating conjugal union and is exhibiting a tendency to develop into a socially accepted alternative to registered marriage and locus of childbearing. The spectacular growth in the prevalence and duration of cohabitation has made the shift in partnership formation an important marker for distinguishing "leaders" and "laggers" in the SDT (Lesthaeghe 1995; 2010). In this context, Eastern Europe has tended, from the 1990s until quite recently, to be treated as a relatively homogeneous area, which, at least with respect to these family patterns, has been lagging behind more advanced societies in Western Europe (Monnier and Rychtarikova 1992; Ni Brolchain 1993; Thornton and Philipov 2009). This "lagging" has been interpreted as an outcome of societal conditions less conducive to the Second Demographic Transition. Nevertheless, different and contrary opinions have also been expressed, based primarily on the diversity of Eastern Europe (Katus 2003; Macura and Klijzing 1997; Sobotka 2003; 2008; Stankuniene and Maslauskaite 2008).Research with regard to changes in partnership formation has been hampered by a lack of comparative data. The Family and Fertility Surveys (FFS) programme of the 1990s provided evidence from eight countries of the region, but due to the timing of data collection, (in the majority of Eastern European countries, the surveys were completed by 1995), a detailed analysis of the emerging patterns had to be postponed until the following round of comparative surveys. These were undertaken in the mid-2000s within the framework of the Generations and Gender (GGS) programme, and in recent years, an increasing number of studies, of individual countries as well as comparative, have examined trends in partnership formation in the region (Bradatan and Kulcsar 2008; Hoem and Kostova 2008; Hoem et al., 2008; Kostova 2008; Muresan 2008; Philipov and Jasilioniene 2007; Puur et al., 2009; Speder 2005 ; Stankuniene et al., 2009).This article aims to complement the aforementioned body of research by comparatively analysing the pattern of first partnership formation in seven countries of Eastern Europe: Bulgaria, East Germany, Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, Romania and Russia. The objective is to provide an account of the switch from direct marriage to non-marital cohabitation as it has progressed over the past 40-50 years. Unlike previous studies of partnership formation in the region, we set out to examine whether the cross-national variation in the tempo and scale of contemporary partnership transformation is related to demographic patterns that existed in the past. …

Comparing the effects of low-level and high-level worker need-satisfaction: A synthesis of the self-determination and Maslow need theories

Abstract: According to Maslow’s (Psychol Rev 50:370–396, 1943) hierarchical theory of needs, people do not become sensitized to “higher” level needs until they have satisfied their “lower” level needs (a moderator hypothesis); until then, they are unprepared to benefit from higher-level satisfactions. But according to the self-determination theory (SDT) model, high-level psychological needs, when met, are non-contingently beneficial (a main effect-only hypothesis). In two large-N studies of Russian energy companies, we measured low-level need-satisfaction in terms of felt security and felt financial satisfaction, and measured high-level need satisfaction in terms of SDT’s basic needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. In both studies, both the lower level and higher level need-satisfaction sets had strong main effects upon many positive work outcomes, including intrinsic motivation, organizational commitment, and SWB. In Study 2, Maslow’s “prepared to benefit” hypothesis was supported, in that satisfaction of high-level needs had slightly larger effects on outcomes when combined with satisfaction of low-level needs. However this was not found in Study 1. Potentials for integrating the SDT and Maslow need theories are discussed.