National Research University – Higher School of Economics

About: National Research University – Higher School of Economics is a education organization based out in Moscow, Russia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Computer science. The organization has 12873 authors who have published 23376 publications receiving 256396 citations.

Theory of choice

Abstract: Part 1 Choosing options: the problem of choosing options formal model. Part 2 Choice mechanisms and functions: properties of choice functions pair-dominant mechanisms choice by preference relations criterion extremization algorithms various forms of pair-dominant choice mechanisms proofs of theorems. Part 3 Examples of choice mechanisms: generalization of the concept multi-criteria choice mechanisms tournament choice concluding remarks proofs of theorems. Part 3 Classes of choice mechanisms: non-classical structures (hyper relations) choice rules on non-classical structures classes of choice mechanisms some special non-classic choice mechanisms proofs of theorems. Part 5 Operations over choice functions: problem outline basic definitions closedness of choice function space superposition of choice functions choice function approximation concluding remarks proofs of theorems. Part 6 Voting theory: formal statement problem outline characteristic properties of L-operators closedness of domains mechanisms generating L-operators explicit definition of L-operators list representation of L-operators proof of theorems concluding remarks.

Entangled Conditional Adversarial Autoencoder for de Novo Drug Discovery

Abstract: Modern computational approaches and machine learning techniques accelerate the invention of new drugs. Generative models can discover novel molecular structures within hours, while conventional drug discovery pipelines require months of work. In this article, we propose a new generative architecture, entangled conditional adversarial autoencoder, that generates molecular structures based on various properties, such as activity against a specific protein, solubility, or ease of synthesis. We apply the proposed model to generate a novel inhibitor of Janus kinase 3, implicated in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and vitiligo. The discovered molecule was tested in vitro and showed good activity and selectivity.

MEG Signatures of a Perceived Match or Mismatch between Individual and Group Opinions

Abstract: Humans often adjust their opinions to the perceived opinions of others. Neural responses to a perceived match or mismatch between individual and group opinions have been investigated previously, but some findings are inconsistent. In this study, we used magnetoencephalographic source imaging to investigate further neural responses to the perceived opinions of others. We found that group opinions mismatching with individual opinions evoked responses in the anterior and posterior medial prefrontal cortices, as well as in the temporoparietal junction and ventromedial prefrontal cortex in the 220–320 and 380–530 ms time windows. Evoked responses were accompanied by an increase in the power of theta oscillations (4–8 Hz) over a number of frontal cortical sites. Group opinions matching with individual opinions evoked an increase in amplitude of beta oscillations (13–30 Hz) in the anterior cingulate and ventral medial prefrontal cortices. Based on these results, we argue that distinct valuation and performance-monitoring neural circuits in the medial cortices of the brain may monitor compliance of individual behavior to the perceived group norms.

Poverty and Economic Dislocation Reduce Compliance with COVID-19 Shelter-In-Place Protocols

Abstract: Shelter-in-place ordinances were the first wide-spread policy measures aimed to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. Compliance with shelter-in-place directives is individually costly and requires behavioral changes across diverse sub-populations. Leveraging county-day measures on population movement derived from cellphone location data and the staggered introduction of local mandates, we find that economic factors have played an important role in determining the level of compliance with local shelter-in-place ordinances in the US. Specifically, residents of low income areas complied with shelter-in-place ordinances less than their counterparts in areas with stronger economic endowments, even after accounting for potential confounding factors including partisanship, population density, exposure to recent trade disputes, unemployment, and other factors. Novel results on the local impact of the 2020 CARES Act suggest stimulus transfers that addressed economic dislocation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic significantly increased social distancing.

Complete set of cut-and-join operators in the Hurwitz-Kontsevich theory

Abstract: We define cut-and-join operators in Hurwitz theory for merging two branch points of an arbitrary type. These operators have two alternative descriptions: (1) the GL characters are their eigenfunctions and the symmetric group characters are their eigenvalues; (2) they can be represented as W-type differential operators (in particular, acting on the time variables in the Hurwitz-Kontsevich τ-function). The operators have the simplest form when expressed in terms of the Miwa variables. They form an important commutative associative algebra, a universal Hurwitz algebra, generalizing all group algebra centers of particular symmetric groups used to describe the universal Hurwitz numbers of particular orders. This algebra expresses arbitrary Hurwitz numbers as values of a distinguished linear form on the linear space of Young diagrams evaluated on the product of all diagrams characterizing particular ramification points of the branched covering.