Tel Aviv University

About: Tel Aviv University is a education organization based out in Tel Aviv, Israel. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Medicine. The organization has 47791 authors who have published 115959 publications receiving 3904391 citations. The organization is also known as: TAU & Universiṭat Tel-Aviv.

Ribociclib as First-Line Therapy for HR-Positive, Advanced Breast Cancer

Abstract: BackgroundThe inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) could potentially overcome or delay resistance to endocrine therapy in advanced breast cancer that is positive for hormone receptor (HR) and negative for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). MethodsIn this randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of the selective CDK4/6 inhibitor ribociclib combined with letrozole for first-line treatment in 668 postmenopausal women with HR-positive, HER2-negative recurrent or metastatic breast cancer who had not received previous systemic therapy for advanced disease. We randomly assigned the patients to receive either ribociclib (600 mg per day on a 3-weeks-on, 1-week-off schedule) plus letrozole (2.5 mg per day) or placebo plus letrozole. The primary end point was investigator-assessed progression-free survival. Secondary end points included overall survival, overall response rate, and safety. A preplanned interim analysis was performed on Januar...

Supergravity and The Large N Limit of Theories With Sixteen Supercharges

Abstract: We consider field theories with sixteen supersymmetries, which include U(N) Yang-Mills theories in various dimensions, and argue that their large N limit is related to certain supergravity solutions. We study this by considering a system of D-branes in string theory and then taking a limit where the brane world volume theory decouples from gravity. At the same time we study the corresponding D-brane supergravity solution and argue that we can trust it in certain regions where the curvature (and the effective string coupling, where appropriate) are small. The supergravity solutions typically have several weakly coupled regions and interpolate between different limits of string M theory. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}

What Powers Ultraluminous IRAS Galaxies

Abstract: We present an ISO SWS and ISOPHOT-S, mid-infrared spectroscopic survey of 15 ultraluminous IRAS galaxies (LIR ≥ 1012 L☉). We combine the survey results with a detailed case study, based on arcsecond resolution, near-IR, and millimeter imaging spectroscopy, of one of the sample galaxies (UGC 5101). We compare the near- and mid-IR characteristics of these ultraluminous galaxies to ISO and literature data of 30 starburst and active galactic nuclei (AGN) template galaxies. We find the following: 1. Of the ultraluminous IRAS galaxies in our sample, 70%-80% are predominantly powered by recently formed massive stars, and 20%-30% are powered by a central AGN. These conclusions are based on a new infrared diagnostic diagram involving the ratio of high- to low-excitation mid-IR emission lines on the one hand, and the strength of the 7.7 μm PAH feature on the other hand. 2. At least half of the sources probably have simultaneously an active nucleus and starburst activity in a 1-2 kpc diameter circumnuclear disk/ring. 3. The mid-IR emitting regions are highly obscured [Av(screen) ~ 5-50 or Av(mixed) ~ 50-1000]. In a model where star-forming regions and dense molecular clouds are fully mixed, the ISO-derived, V-band dust extinctions approach the dust column densities inferred from CO millimeter measurements. After correction for these extinctions, we estimate that the star-forming regions in ultraluminous infrared galaxies have ages between 107 and 108 yr, similar to but somewhat larger than those found in lower luminosity starburst galaxies. 4. In the sample we have studied there is no obvious trend for the AGN component to dominate in the most compact, and thus most advanced mergers. Instead, at any given time during the merger evolution, the time-dependent compression of the circumnuclear interstellar gas, the accretion rate onto the central black hole, and the associated radiation efficiency may determine whether star formation or AGN activity dominates the luminosity of the system.

THE SINS SURVEY: SINFONI INTEGRAL FIELD SPECTROSCOPY OF z ∼ 2 STAR-FORMING GALAXIES*

Abstract: We present the Spectroscopic Imaging survey in the near-infrared (near-IR) with SINFONI (SINS) of high-redshift galaxies. With 80 objects observed and 63 detected in at least one rest-frame optical nebular emission line, mainly Hα, SINS represents the largest survey of spatially resolved gas kinematics, morphologies, and physical properties of star-forming galaxies at z ~ 1-3. We describe the selection of the targets, the observations, and the data reduction. We then focus on the "SINS Hα sample," consisting of 62 rest-UV/optically selected sources at 1.3 < z < 2.6 for which we targeted primarily the Hα and [N II] emission lines. Only ≈30% of this sample had previous near-IR spectroscopic observations. The galaxies were drawn from various imaging surveys with different photometric criteria; as a whole, the SINS Hα sample covers a reasonable representation of massive M_* ≳ 10^(10) M_☉ star-forming galaxies at z ≈ 1.5-2.5, with some bias toward bluer systems compared to pure K-selected samples due to the requirement of secure optical redshift. The sample spans 2 orders of magnitude in stellar mass and in absolute and specific star formation rates, with median values ≈3 × 10^(10) M_☉, ≈70 M_☉ yr^(–1), and ≈3 Gyr^(–1). The ionized gas distribution and kinematics are spatially resolved on scales ranging from ≈1.5 kpc for adaptive optics assisted observations to typically ≈4-5 kpc for seeing-limited data. The Hα morphologies tend to be irregular and/or clumpy. About one-third of the SINS Hα sample galaxies are rotation-dominated yet turbulent disks, another one-third comprises compact and velocity dispersion-dominated objects, and the remaining galaxies are clear interacting/merging systems; the fraction of rotation-dominated systems increases among the more massive part of the sample. The Hα luminosities and equivalent widths suggest on average roughly twice higher dust attenuation toward the H II regions relative to the bulk of the stars, and comparable current and past-averaged star formation rates.