University of Georgia

About: University of Georgia is a education organization based out in Athens, Georgia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Gene. The organization has 41934 authors who have published 93622 publications receiving 3713212 citations. The organization is also known as: UGA & Franklin College.

Revenue Diversification in Nonprofit Organizations: Does it Lead to Financial Stability?

Abstract: This article investigates whether revenue diversification leads to greater stability in the revenue structures of nonprofit organizations. Our findings suggest that nonprofits can indeed reduce their revenue volatility through diversification, particularly by equalizing their reliance on earned income, investments, and contributions. This positive effect of diversification on revenue stability implies that a diversified portfolio encourages more stable revenues and consequently could promote greater organizational longevity. Despite any additional complexity or crowding out, nonprofit managers may increase the financial stability of their organizations by adding additional revenue streams. However, our analysis also reveals several other important factors that contribute to nonprofit revenue stability. In particular, increasing a nonprofit organization's total expenses and fund balance reduces volatility, suggesting larger nonprofits and organizations with greater growth potential experience greater revenue stability. Finally, the results suggest nonprofits relying primarily on contributions will experience more volatility, whereas nonprofits located within urban areas will have more stable revenue structures over time.

Birds of a Feather Tweet Together: Integrating Network and Content Analyses to Examine Cross-Ideology Exposure on Twitter

Abstract: This study integrates network and content analyses to examine exposure to cross-ideological political views on Twitter. We mapped the Twitter networks of 10 controversial political topics, discovered clusters - subgroups of highly self-connected users - and coded messages and links in them for political orientation. We found that Twitter users are unlikely to be exposed to cross-ideological content from the clusters of users they followed, as these were usually politically homogeneous. Links pointed at grassroots web pages e.g.: blogs more frequently than traditional media websites. Liberal messages, however, were more likely to link to traditional media. Last, we found that more specific topics of controversy had both conservative and liberal clusters, while in broader topics, dominant clusters reflected conservative sentiment.

Preserving the genetic integrity of human embryonic stem cells.

Abstract: transactions are the difficulty in accessing correct and complete information on potential partners, suppliers or market possibilities and the uncertainty of ensuring a partner’s commitment to formal contracts. The latter in particular, requires a judicial system that functions more efficiently and credibly. These conditions have nothing to do with TRIPS. Thus, the impact of TRIPS on either the commercial strategies of foreign companies or their strategic alliances with Indian companies is anyone’s guess, as it is only one parameter among many that will be used in making foreign investment decisions. From the perspective of Western firms, the implementation of TRIPS in India may encourage them to introduce new brand drugs because such products will now enjoy patent protection—a situation not possible since 1970. This will not mean, however, that high-priced, Western-manufactured products can be directly shoehorned into the Indian market. As K.S.N. Prasad, CEO of Shantha Biotechnics (Hyderabad, India), puts it: “Though TRIPS gives exclusive rights to Western companies to market their brand products in India—eliminating competition from local companies that copy inventions— these multinationals are unlikely to benefit from selling their products at high prices because Indian consumers simply cannot afford the high costs of drugs developed and manufactured abroad. Therefore, it will be necessary for Western and Indian companies to enter into strategic alliances so that novel drugs can be manufactured under license for local consumption. Such alliances will lead to a win-win situation for all, both biotech companies and the public.” To sum up, Indian biotech firms basically have three choices in the short-term as business innovation strategies2: first, they can focus on products that are either off-patent already or soon to be off-patent (essentially the generics market); second, they can collaborate with Western multinationals and biotech companies (two areas that are likely to witness an increase in collaborations are clinical trials and R&D outsourcing); or third, they can focus on innovations that the multinationals will not be interested in; that is, mainly ‘tropical’ or developing world diseases.

Microorganisms and enzymes involved in the degradation of plant fiber cell walls

Abstract: One of natures most important biological processes is the degradation of lignocellulosic materials to carbon dioxide, water and humic substances. This implies possibilities to use biotechnology in the pulp and paper industry and consequently, the use of microorganisms and their enzymes to replace or supplement chemical methods is gaining interest. This chapter describes the structure of wood and the main wood components, cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignins. The enzyme and enzyme mechanisms used by fungi and bacteria to modify and degrade these components are described in detail. Techniques for how to assay for these enzyme activities are also described. The possibilities for biotechnology in the pulp and paper industry and other fiber utilizing industries based on these enzymes are discussed.