Showing papers by "University of Memphis published in 2004"
TL;DR: A step-by-step guide to performing parallel analysis is described, and an example is provided using data from the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire, and recommendations for making factor retention decisions are discussed.
Abstract: The decision of how many factors to retain is a critical component of exploratory factor analysis. Evidence is presented that parallel analysis is one of the most accurate factor retention methods while also being one of the most underutilized in management and organizational research. Therefore, a step-by-step guide to performing parallel analysis is described, and an example is provided using data from the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. Recommendations for making factor retention decisions are discussed.
2,368 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the impact of certain audit committee characteristics identified by the Blue Ribbon Committee on Improving the Effectiveness of Corporate Audit Committees (BRC) on the likelihood of financial restatement was examined.
Abstract: This study addresses the impact of certain audit committee characteristics identified by the Blue Ribbon Committee on Improving the Effectiveness of Corporate Audit Committees (BRC) on the likelihood of financial restatement. We examine 88 restatements of annual results (without allegations of fraud) in the period 1991–1999, together with a matched pairs control group of firms of similar size, exchange listing, industry and auditor type. We find that the independence and activity level (our proxy for audit committee diligence) of the audit committee exhibit a significant and negative association with the occurrence of restatement. We also document a significant negative association between an audit committee that includes at least one member with financial expertise and restatement. To test the robustness of the results we also consider a sample of 44 fraud and no‐fraud firms and arrive at largely similar findings. Our results underscore the importance of the BRC's recommendations as a means of strengthen...
1,485 citations
TL;DR: Standard text readability formulas scale texts on difficulty by relying on word length and sentence length, whereas Coh-Metrix is sensitive to cohesion relations, world knowledge, and language and discourse characteristics.
Abstract: Advances in computational linguistics and discourse processing have made it possible to automate many language- and text-processing mechanisms. We have developed a computer tool called Coh-Metrix, which analyzes texts on over 200 measures of cohesion, language, and readability. Its modules use lexicons, part-of-speech classifiers, syntactic parsers, templates, corpora, latent semantic analysis, and other components that are widely used in computational linguistics. After the user enters an English text, Coh-Metrix returns measures requested by the user. In addition, a facility allows the user to store the results of these analyses in data files (such as Text, Excel, and SPSS). Standard text readability formulas scale texts on difficulty by relying on word length and sentence length, whereas Coh-Metrix is sensitive to cohesion relations, world knowledge, and language and discourse characteristics.
1,271 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present four studies that develop measures of "core/primary" facets of customer-based brand equity (CBBE), including perceived quality (PQ), perceived value for the cost (PVC), uniqueness, and willingness to pay a price premium for a brand.
1,077 citations
Vanderbilt University1, University of Southern California2, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center3, University of Wisconsin-Madison4, University of California, Los Angeles5, National Center for Genome Resources6, Portland VA Medical Center7, University of Colorado Boulder8, University of Pennsylvania9, Hannover Medical School10, Johns Hopkins University11, Oregon Health & Science University12, Cornell University13, University of Michigan14, University of Tennessee Health Science Center15, Washington University in St. Louis16, University of Toronto17, University of Memphis18, Medical Research Council19, University of Massachusetts Medical School20, Hebrew University of Jerusalem21, Université de Montréal22, Purdue University23, University of California, Davis24, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic25, University at Buffalo26, Emory University27, University of Cincinnati28, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center29, New York University30, University of Groningen31, Rutgers University32, Stanford University33, Max Planck Society34, National Institutes of Health35, University of Alabama at Birmingham36, International Livestock Research Institute37, Heidelberg University38, Medical College of Wisconsin39, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai40, Oak Ridge National Laboratory41, Charité42, University of Antwerp43, RWTH Aachen University44, Paul Sabatier University45, University of California, San Francisco46, McGill University47, Pasteur Institute48, University of Western Australia49, Yale University50, University of Oxford51, Case Western Reserve University52, Roswell Park Cancer Institute53, University of Kentucky54, University of Helsinki55, University of Nebraska–Lincoln56, Harvard University57, Merck & Co.58, King's College London59, Northwestern University60, Shriners Hospitals for Children61, Thomas Jefferson University62, Novartis63, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill64, Southern Illinois University Carbondale65, University of Rochester66
TL;DR: The Collaborative Cross will provide a common reference panel specifically designed for the integrative analysis of complex systems and will change the way the authors approach human health and disease.
Abstract: The goal of the Complex Trait Consortium is to promote the development of resources that can be used to understand, treat and ultimately prevent pervasive human diseases. Existing and proposed mouse resources that are optimized to study the actions of isolated genetic loci on a fixed background are less effective for studying intact polygenic networks and interactions among genes, environments, pathogens and other factors. The Collaborative Cross will provide a common reference panel specifically designed for the integrative analysis of complex systems and will change the way we approach human health and disease.
1,040 citations
TL;DR: Results describe three key dimensions related to consumer use of the Internet, including process and content gratifications as previously found in studies of television, as well as an entirely new social gratification that is unique to Internet use.
Abstract: Uses and gratifications (U&G) is a media use paradigm from mass communications research that guides the assessment of consumer motivations for media usage and access. It has been used previously in research and decision making related to the promotion of emerging radio and television media. Recent adaptations of U&G research to the Internet are incomplete and have not identified important new Internet-specific gratifications. This paper empirically derives dimensions of consumer Internet use and usage gratifications among customers of a prominent Internet Service Provider (ISP). Results describe three key dimensions related to consumer use of the Internet, including process and content gratifications as previously found in studies of television, as well as an entirely new social gratification that is unique to Internet use. All three dimensions of gratification are relevant to managing the Internet as a commercial medium, and measures developed from the gratification profiles identified here can serve as trait-valid scales in future Internet and e-commerce research.
916 citations
TL;DR: A pattern of age-related shrinkage suggesting increased vulnerability of the lateral prefrontal cortex to aging appears stable and replicable, whereas little consistency exists in sex-related and hemispheric differences in regional cortical volumes.
678 citations
TL;DR: The developed equation and these activity thresholds can be used for prediction of MET score from accelerometer counts and participation in various intensities of physical activity in adolescent girls.
Abstract: Purpose
To derive a regression equation that estimates metabolic equivalent (MET) from accelerometer counts, and to define thresholds of accelerometer counts that can be used to delineate sedentary, light, moderate, and vigorous activity in adolescent girls.
614 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of affective states play in learning was investigated from the perspective of a constructivist learning framework, where six different affect states (frustration, boredom, flow, confusion, eureka and neutral) were observed during the process of learning introductory computer literacy with AutoTutor.
Abstract: The role that affective states play in learning was investigated from the perspective of a constructivist learning framework. We observed six different affect states (frustration, boredom, flow, confusion, eureka and neutral) that potentially occur during the process of learning introductory computer literacy with AutoTutor, an intelligent tutoring system with tutorial dialogue in natural language. Observational analyses revealed significant relationships between learning and the affective states of boredom, flow and confusion. The positive correlation between confusion and learning is consistent with a model that assumes that cognitive disequilibrium is one precursor to deep learning. The findings that learning correlates negatively with boredom and positively with flow are consistent with predictions from Csikszentmihalyi’s analysis of flow experiences.
589 citations
Abstract: The authors provide a cautionary note on reporting accurate eta-squared values from multifactor analysis of variance (ANOVA) designs. They reinforce the distinction between classical and partial eta-squared as measures of strength of association. They provide examples from articles published in premier psychology journals in which the authors erroneously reported partial eta-squared values as representing classical etasquared values. Finally, they discuss broader impacts of inaccurately reported etasquared values for theory development, meta-analytic reviews, and intervention programs.
566 citations
TL;DR: Data suggest that maximal hypertrophy occurs with loads from 80–95% 1RM, and those typically utilising the heaviest loads, that is weightlifters and powerlifters, exhibited a preferentialhypertrophy of type II fibres when compared with body builders who appear to equally hypertropy both type I and type II Fibre.
Abstract: Although many training variables contribute to the performance, cellular and molecular adaptations to resistance exercise, relative intensity (% 1 repetition maximum [%1RM]) appears to be an important factor. This review summarises and analyses data from numerous resistance exercise training studies that have monitored percentage fibre type, fibre type cross-sectional areas, percentage cross-sectional areas, and myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform expression. In general, relative intensity appears to account for 18-35% of the variance for the hypertrophy response to resistance exercise. On the other hand, fibre type and MHC transitions were not related to the relative intensity used for training. When competitive lifters were compared, those typically utilising the heaviest loads (> or =90% 1RM), that is weightlifters and powerlifters, exhibited a preferential hypertrophy of type II fibres when compared with body builders who appear to equally hypertrophy both type I and type II fibres. These data suggest that maximal hypertrophy occurs with loads from 80-95% 1RM.
TL;DR: The distance constraints obtained for lysine residues using various cross-linkers should be valuable in assisting the determination of the 3-D structure of BSA.
TL;DR: The design was inspired by explanation-based constructivist theories of learning, intelligent tutoring systems that adaptively respond to student knowledge, and empirical research on dialogue patterns in tutorial discourse.
Abstract: AutoTutor is a learning environment that tutors students by holding a conversation in natural language. AutoTutor has been developed for Newtonian qualitative physics and computer literacy. Its design was inspired by explanation-based constructivist theories of learning, intelligent tutoring systems that adaptively respond to student knowledge, and empirical research on dialogue patterns in tutorial discourse. AutoTutor presents challenging problems (formulated as questions) from a curriculum script and then engages in mixed initiative dialogue that guides the student in building an answer. It provides the student with positive, neutral, or negative feedback on the student’s typed responses, pumps the student for more information, prompts the student to fill in missing words, gives hints, fills in missing information with assertions, identifies and corrects erroneous ideas, answers the student’s questions, and summarizes answers. AutoTutor has produced learning gains of approximately .70 sigma for deep levels of comprehension.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the effect of athlete role models on teenagers' purchase intentions and behaviors and discussed the implications and future research directions for advertising and sports marketing researchers with 218 adolescents.
Abstract: Teenagers currently spend an estimated $153 billion a year on everything from computers to cars to clothes (Brand, 2000). Trend conscious teens are very active in utilizing the media and advertising in seeking out the latest products, services, and fashions (Zollo, 1995). A greater understanding of teens9 role model influences can help organizations and their advertising agencies more effectively target and communicate to this growing market. In this study, we examine the effect of athlete role models on teenagers9 purchase intentions and behaviors. Results from a survey of 218 adolescents are discussed with implications and future research directions for advertising and sports marketing researchers.
TL;DR: Both Abs are important, with plasma IgG Ab serving as the back-up for secretory IgA-mediated protection in the nasal compartment, and IgG being the dominant Ab in protection of the lung.
Abstract: The roles of IgG and secretory IgA in the protection of the respiratory tract (RT) against influenza infection remain unclear. Passive immunization with Ab doses resulting in serum IgG anti-influenza virus Ab titers far in excess of those observed in immune mice has compounded the problem. We compared the effects of i.v. anti-influenza virus IgG and i.v. anti-influenza virus polymeric IgA (pIgA) mAb administered in amounts designed to replicate murine convalescent serum or nasal Ab titers, respectively. A serum anti-influenza virus IgG titer 2.5 times the normal convalescent serum anti-influenza virus IgG titer was required for detectible Ab transudation into nasal secretions, and a serum IgG titer 7 times normal was needed to lower nasal viral shedding by 98%. Anti-influenza virus pIgA at a nasal Ab titer comparable to that seen in convalescent mice eliminated nasal viral shedding. The RT of influenza-infected pIgA- or IgG-protected mice were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Only pIgA was found to prevent virally induced pathology in the upper RT, suggesting that IgG did not prevent viral infection of the nose, but neutralized newly replicated virus after infection had been initiated. In contrast, IgG, but not pIgA, was found to prevent viral pathology in the murine lung. Our results help to resolve the controversy of IgA- vs IgG-mediated protection of the RT; both Abs are important, with plasma IgG Ab serving as the back-up for secretory IgA-mediated protection in the nasal compartment, and IgG being the dominant Ab in protection of the lung.
TL;DR: The study showed that IBIS and EDI are similar in terms of the significant effect of factors such as pressure from trading partner, pressure from competition, establishing cost, top management support, and trust on the adoption decision, however, the results show that there are differences between IBISand EDI in termsof establishing costs, scalability, and complexity.
TL;DR: A technical working group met to resolve previously published inconsistencies across national surveys in trends in activity limitations among the older population and found consistent declines on the order of 1%–2.5% per year for two commonly used measures in the disability literature.
Abstract: In September 2002, a technical working group met to resolve previously published inconsistencies across national surveys in trends in activity limitations among the older population. The 12-person panel prepared estimates from five national data sets and investigated methodological sources of the inconsistencies among the population aged 70 and older from the early 1980s to 2001. Although the evidence was mixed for the 1980s and it is difficult to pinpoint when in the 1990s the decline began, during the mid- and late 1990s, the panel found consistent declines on the order of 1%-2.5% per year for two commonly used measures in the disability literature: difficulty with daily activities and help with daily activities. Mixed evidence was found for a third measure: the use of help or equipment with daily activities. The panel also found agreement across surveys that the proportion of older persons who receive help with bathing has declined at the same time as the proportion who use only equipment (but not personal care) to bathe has increased. In comparing findings across surveys, the panel found that the period, definition of disability, treatment of the institutionalized population, and age standardizing of results were important to consider. The implications of the findings for policy, national survey efforts, and further research are discussed.
TL;DR: The most common forms of trauma for both men and women were physical abuse, physical neglect, and emotional abuse, all of which were highly likely to co-occur, and differential relationships with particular maltreatment types were observed.
TL;DR: The authors review the large and multifaceted literature on death anxiety, fear, threat and acceptance, focusing on the attitudes toward death and dying of relevant professional and patient groups, and the relationship of death concern to aging, physical and mental health, religiosity, and terror management strategies.
Abstract: One of the most substantial legacies of Herman Feifel was his pioneering research on attitudes toward death and dying in a variety of populations. The authors review the large and multifaceted literature on death anxiety, fear, threat and acceptance, focusing on the attitudes toward death and dying of relevant professional and patient groups, and the relationship of death concern to aging, physical and mental health, religiosity, and terror management strategies. We conclude with several recommendations for improving the conceptual and practical yield of future work in this area.
TL;DR: It is shown that the LCD graph is much more robust than classical random graphs with the same number of edges, but also more vulnerable to attack, namely robustness to random damage, and vulnerability to malicious attack.
Abstract: Recently many new "scale-free" random graph models have been introduced, motivated by the power-law degree sequences observed in many large-scale, real-world networks. Perhaps the best known, the Barabasi-Albert model, has been extensively studied from heuristic and experimental points of view. Here we consider mathematically two basic characteristics of a precise version of this model, the LCD model, namely robustness to random damage, and vulnerability to malicious attack. We show that the LCD graph is much more robust than classical random graphs with the same number of edges, but also more vulnerable to attack. In particular, if vertices of the n-vertex LCD graph are deleted at random, then as long as any positive proportion remains, the graph induced on the remaining vertices has a component of order n. In contrast, if the deleted vertices are chosen maliciously, a constant fraction less then 1 can be deleted to destroy all large components. For the Barabasi-Albert model, these questions have been st...
TL;DR: In 8- to 10-year-old African-American girls, SocD was found to bias self-reports of diet and physical activity and confound associations between BMI and self-reportedPhysical activity and energy intake.
TL;DR: Support is provided for the original hypothesis of paternity confusion for MMM, rather than for the more popular good genes or sperm competition hypotheses, to provide support for the evolutionary origin of MMM.
Abstract: Multi-male mating (MMM) by females is relatively common among mammals, occurring in at least 133 species and several evolutionary benefits of MMM have been proposed. The most convincing explanation is that MMM confuses paternity, thereby deterring infanticide by males. A second explanation for females that are unlikely to experience infanticide is that MMM is a consequence of sexual harassment. Mate guarding and, perhaps even in some cases, behavioral monogamy, might have evolved in response to the threat of infanticide and the subsequent tendency for females to mate multiply. Benefits relating to improved genetic fitness of offspring do occur in some species, but do not provide a widespread explanation for the evolutionary origin of MMM; if cryptic female choice through sperm competition is adaptive to females it probably evolved as a consequence of, rather than a precursor to, female promiscuity. Here, we provide support for the original hypothesis of paternity confusion for MMM, rather than for the more popular good genes or sperm competition hypotheses.
TL;DR: iSTART is a Web-based application that provides young adolescent to college-age students with high-level reading strategy training to improve comprehension of science texts and is modeled after an effective, human-delivered intervention called self-explanation reading training (SERT).
Abstract: Interactive Strategy Training for Active Reading and Thinking (iSTART) is a Web-based application that provides young adolescent to college-age students with high-level reading strategy training to improve comprehension of science texts. iSTART is modeled after an effective, human-delivered intervention called self-explanation reading training (SERT), which trains readers to use active reading strategies to self-explain difficult texts more effectively. To make the training more widely available, the Web-based trainer has been developed. Transforming the training from a human-delivered application to a computer-based one has resulted in a highly interactive trainer that adapts its methods to the performance of the students. The iSTART trainer introduces the strategies in a simulated classroom setting with interaction between three animated characters-an instructor character and two student characters-and the human trainee. Thereafter, the trainee identifies the strategies in the explanations of a student character who is guided by an instructor character. Finally, the trainee practices self-explanation under the guidance of an instructor character. We describe this system and discuss how appropriate feedback is generated.
TL;DR: This paper explored how the pace, sequence, and linearity of change can affect the outcome of radical transformations and found that early change to specific high-impact elements was necessary for completing radical transitions.
Abstract: The purpose of this research was to explore how the pace, sequence, and linearity of change can affect the outcome of radical transformations. Real-time data collected over 12 years showed that, contrary to popular belief, wide-scale rapid change was not a determining factor. However, early change to specific “high-impact” elements was found to be necessary for completing radical transitions. Further, analysis conducted at the suborganization level provided insight into the ways in which change unfurls in a nonlinear manner.
TL;DR: A coarse-grained, less-than-atomic-detail model such as the anisotropic network model (ANM) is used to study the cooperative motions of the ribosome, and identifies several modes that may facilitate the E-tRNA exiting from the assembly.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present sport education, tactical games, and cooperative learning as valuable instructional models in physical education, where the teacher facilitates learning activities that have the potential to provide students with a holistic education that promotes social, physical, and cognitive learning outcomes.
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to present Sport Education, Tactical Games, and Cooperative Learning as valuable instructional models in physical education. Situated learning is used as a theoretical framework and connection between Sport Education, Tactical Games, and Cooperative Learning. The structures of Sport Education, Tactical Games, and Cooperative Learning allow for participation to occur in a student-centered learning curriculum as opposed to a teacher-centered teaching curriculum. The teacher facilitates learning activities that have the potential to provide students with a holistic education that promotes social, physical, and cognitive learning outcomes. The emphasis is on active learning that involves the processes of decision making, social interaction, and cognitive understanding for students.
TL;DR: The results from a Web-based survey of 253 online consumers indicate that the proposed theoretical model is able to explain and predict consumer acceptance of virtual stores substantially well and supplies virtual stores with a number of operative critical success factors to remain competitive in the volatile electronic marketplace.
Abstract: Virtual stores provide great efficiency in the retail value chain, and their existence has tremendously paved the way for the diffusion of electronic commerce. Understanding the determinants of consumer acceptance of virtual stores will provide important theoretical contributions to the area of business-to-consumer (B-to-C) electronic commerce and lead to the development of more effective and meaningful strategies for virtual stores. By expanding the Technology Acceptance Model and the Innovation Diffusion Theory, this study aims to provide an integral theoretical paradigm that can successfully support a wide array of technical, business, and consumer issues involved in online retailing. The results from a Web-based survey of 253 online consumers indicate that the proposed theoretical model is able to explain and predict consumer acceptance of virtual stores substantially well. The resulting theoretical model explains a large portion of the factors that lead to a user's behavioral intention to use and actual use of a virtual store. In addition to providing new theoretical grounds for studying the virtual store phenomenon, this article also supplies virtual stores with a number of operative critical success factors to remain competitive in the volatile electronic marketplace.
01 Aug 2004
TL;DR: In this article, meta-analytic reviews of turnover antecedents do not include newcomer orientation or socialization tactics (e.g., Griffeth, Hom... ) and conclude that socialization can affect turnover.
Abstract: Despite research suggesting socialization tactics can affect turnover, meta-analytic reviews of turnover antecedents do not include newcomer orientation or socialization tactics (e.g. Griffeth, Hom...
26 Jun 2004
TL;DR: Preliminary results demonstrate that the new approach enhances the negative selection algorithm in efficiency and reliability without significant increase in complexity.
Abstract: A new scheme of detector generation and matching mechanism for negative selection algorithm is introduced featuring detectors with variable properties. While detectors can be variable in different ways using this concept, the paper describes an algorithm when the variable parameter is the size of the detectors in real-valued space. The algorithm is tested using synthetic and real-world datasets, including time series data that are transformed into multiple-dimensional data during the preprocessing phase. Preliminary results demonstrate that the new approach enhances the negative selection algorithm in efficiency and reliability without significant increase in complexity.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors characterize institutional trading in international stocks from 37 countries during 1997 to 1998 and 2001 and find that the underlying market condition is a major determinant of the price impact and, more importantly, of the asymmetry between price impacts of institutional buy and sell orders.
Abstract: This study characterizes institutional trading in international stocks from 37 countries during 1997 to 1998 and 2001. We find that the underlying market condition is a major determinant of the price impact and, more importantly, of the asymmetry between price impacts of institutional buy and sell orders. In bullish markets, institutional purchases have a bigger price impact than sells; however, in the bearish markets, sells have a higher price impact. This differs from previous findings on price impact asymmetry. Our study further suggests that price impact varies depending on order characteristics, firm-specific factors, and cross-country differences.