University of New Brunswick

About: University of New Brunswick is a education organization based out in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 10498 authors who have published 20654 publications receiving 474448 citations.

Temporal trends in overweight and obesity in Canada, 1981-1996.

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess changes in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Canadian children and adults between 1981 and 1996 using recent recommendations for the classification of overweight and obesity. DESIGN: Epidemiological study comparing the prevalence of overweight and obesity from the 1981 Canada Fitness Survey (CFS) to the 1996 National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY) and the 1996 National Population Health Survey (NPHS). SUBJECTS: Adults 20–64 y of age and children 7–13 y of age from the CFS, NLSCY and NPHS. MEASUREMENTS: BMI was calculated from directly measured or self-reported body mass and height. For adults 20–64 y of age, overweight and obesity were defined as BMI≥25 kg/m2 and BMI≥30 kg/m2, respectively. Age- and sex-specific cut-off points for children that correspond to the adulthood categories were used to define overweight and obesity for children 7–13 y of age. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight increased from 48 to 57% among men and from 30 to 35% among women, while the prevalence of obesity increased from 9 to 14% in men and from 8 to 12% in women. The corresponding increases were from 11 to 33% in boys and from 13 to 27% in girls for overweight and from 2 to 10% in boys and from 2 to 9% in girls for obesity. CONCLUSION: The results indicate dramatic increases in the prevalence of both overweight and obesity in Canada over the last 15 y, and the problem is particularly pronounced among children.

Limits to Exhaustive Exercise in Fish

Abstract: Exercise to exhaustion leads to severe metabolic, acid-base and ionic changes in fish. It has been shown that several abiotic and biotic factors can limit burst exercise performance and the recovery process in fish. This article reviews the importance of body size, temperature, fasting/starvation and training on the ability of fish to perform and recover from exhaustive exercise. It is concluded that the constraints placed on a fish prior to and following exercise reflects the large intra-specific variability in the physiological response to exercise in fish.

Anxiety and depression: An information processing perspective

Abstract: Beck's cognitive theory (CT) of anxiety and depression is briefly described. It is proposed that each psychopathological state has a specific cognitive profile. In anxiety states, this profile involves the theme of perceived physical or psychological threat to one's personal domain, while in depression the ideational content emphasizes loss or deprivation. Moreover, CT postulates differentiation between affective states based on the specific cognitive content evident with each disorder. The empirical literature bearing on the cognitive profile and content-specificity hypotheses is reviewed, and recommendations for further research are discussed.