Showing papers in "Clinical Immunology in 2015"

TL;DR: The idea that the presence or absence of specific immunologically important members of the microbiota can determine disease susceptibility is highlighted and it is proposed that the identification and characterization of these bacteria in humans will eventually allow us to elucidate the role of microbiota composition in human disease.

TL;DR: This review focuses on the application of exosomes as nanocarriers and immunological agents for cancer and autoimmune immunotherapy, and shows APC-derived exosome demonstrate effective therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of cancer and experimental autoimmune diseases.

TL;DR: The current state of MS biomarker research is addressed, including biomarkers currently in clinical use including Oligoclonal bands, MRI, and JC viral titers, and other potential biomarkers from MS serum and cerebrospinal fluid including Markers of neurodegeneration.

TL;DR: Current knowledge on the impact of gut microbiota on T1D development is summarized and an outlook on the potential to design new microbiota-based therapies in the prevention and treatment of T1d is given.

TL;DR: Serum IL-18 levels during active phase in patients with MAS were significantly higher than those without MAS, and the cutoff value for predicting MAS development was 47750 pg/ml, which might have a key role in the pathogenesis of MAS.

TL;DR: The current information on gender bias in autoimmunity is reviewed and the potential of microbiome-derived biomarkers to help unravel the complex interplay between genes, environment and hormones in rheumatoid arthritis is discussed.

TL;DR: Results indicate that IL-10 and CCL18 secreted by preferential M2 macrophages possibly play a key role in the development of severe fibrosis in IgG4-DS.

TL;DR: Celastrol suppressed arthritis in part by altering Th17/Treg ratio in inflamed joints, and it should be tested as a potential adjunct/alternative for RA therapy.

TL;DR: The data confirm the polygenic nature of CVID and suggest individual-specific aetiologies in many cases, and show that WGS in combination with RNA-sequencing allows for a better understanding of C VIDs and the identification of novel disease associated pathways.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that MDSC may play a significant proinflammatory role in the pathogenesis of CIA and RA by inducing Th17 development in an IL-1β-dependent manner is supported.

TL;DR: Current understanding of the epigenetic involvement in the field of autoimmune diseases especially in systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, sclerosis multiple and type 1 diabetes is reviewed.

TL;DR: Reduced IL-10 and IL-19 expression was associated with impaired Sp-1 recruitment to regulatory regions, contributing to NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which may induce inflammatory bone-loss in CRMO.

TL;DR: The phenotypic overlap of other primary immunodeficiencies with ALPS-like disorders is illustrated and the necessity of genetic diagnosis in order to provide early correct diagnosis and subsequent care is strongly underlines.

TL;DR: Analysis of bioinformatics analyses of a comprehensive database of gene expression indicates that MetrNL represents a novel cytokine, which is likely involved in both innate and acquired immune responses.

TL;DR: Findings indicate that relative decrease in Breg cells under the condition of Tfh2 cell skewing is a putative exaggerating factor of AR to bronchial asthma.

TL;DR: This is the first study, which showed that cholecalciferol improved suppressor function of Tregs in patients with T1D and vitamin D could serve as one possible agent in the development of immunomodulatory combination therapies for T1d.

TL;DR: This work represents one of the first applications of a biomaterial-based, MP vaccine system to successfully prevent autoimmune diabetes.

TL;DR: The criteria utilized for participant enrollment is defined, the key data that were collected for correlative studies are highlighted, and sex-bias in the thresholds for metabolic score determination are highlighted.

TL;DR: N nanotechnology-based approaches designed to promote immune tolerance through various mechanisms are reviewed, ranging from systemic or local suppression of antigen-presenting cells and deletion of antigen -specific T-cells, to the systemic expansion of antigen and disease-specific Treg cells in vivo.

TL;DR: Symptom scores and medication needs of patients with AERD who have undergone AD were significantly lower compared to the placebo group after 6 months, and no significant difference was observed in serum concentration of IL-10, IFN-γ, and TGF-β between two groups neither at baseline nor at the end of study.

TL;DR: In vivo and in vitro evidence is provided suggesting that histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors may mitigate itch through lowering of levels of IL-31-expressing T cells, and it is demonstrated that chemokine receptor type-4 (CCR4)-bearing T cells are a main source ofIL-31 in CTCL.

TL;DR: Two siblings with a novel STK4 mutation identified during the evaluation of a group of patients with features highly overlapping with those of DOCK-8 deficiency, a form of AR hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome are described.

TL;DR: The incidence rate and characteristics of PID in the Netherlands are similar to those in other European countries, but PID patients carry an increased risk to develop a malignancy.

TL;DR: An overview of the candidates currently in the pharmaceutical pipeline with potential to treat orphan diseases and discusses the molecular mechanisms triggered by complement involved with the disease pathogenesis are discussed.

TL;DR: Novel antisense oligonucleotide-formulated microspheres that can reverse hyperglycemia in newly-onset diabetic mice are developed and it is demonstrated that the absolute numbers of antigen-specific Foxp3+ T regulatory cells are increased only in the lymph nodes draining the site of administration.

TL;DR: It is proposed that STAT3 inhibition represents a therapeutic target in SLE, particularly lupus nephritis, and in vitro experiments showed that Stattic-treated T cells exhibited decreased proliferation and a decrease in ability to migrate to CXCL12.

TL;DR: A broader interpretation of this question reveals many mechanisms whereby the microbiome may affect bone cells, and as mechanistic interactions of the microbiome and skeletal system are revealed within and without the immune system, novel strategies to optimize skeletal fitness may emerge.

TL;DR: Altogether, vitamin D-deficient TB patients expressed a weak antimicrobial response but an IL-21 associated expansion of IgG-secreting B cells combined with a rise in FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells at the local site of infection.

TL;DR: One week of treatment with anakinra improves insulin sensitivity in patients with type 1 diabetes, and glucose profiles, HbA1c levels and insulin needs improved.

TL;DR: An overview of current pathophysiological concepts, state-of-the-art treatment regimens, and unanswered questions in sJIA is provided.