Showing papers in "Molecular Immunology in 2005"

TL;DR: The functional importance of NK cell cytotoxicity and the receptor/ligand interactions that control these processes are discussed, which are important for the pathophysiology of many diseases.

TL;DR: It is proposed that the tissue distribution of T(PS) cells is determined by a distinct set of chemokines and corresponding receptors that differs from those operating in secondary lymphoid tissues and inflammatory sites.

TL;DR: The evidence that TLRs are involved in sensing and initiating anti-viral responses and there are now three strong lines of evidence that support such a role for TLRs is reviewed.

TL;DR: Investigation of uNK cells in human pregnancy is hampered by the lack of availability of tissues from the first half of the second trimester of pregnancy when vascular remodelling occurs and also by possible differences between cells from different regions of decidua, which raises the question of whether control of trophoblast invasion by human u NK cells is important in vivo and raises the possibility of another function which is conserved between species.

TL;DR: The identification and characterization of a full-length orthologue of mammalian TLR3, and the key TLR pathway signaling molecules IRAK-4 and TRAF6 in the zebrafish are reported.

TL;DR: The biological relevance of SP-A and SP-D against various respiratory infections has been increasingly recognized, and significant susceptibility to bacterial and viral infections, delayed microbial clearance, and overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines are observed inSP-A orSP-D knockout mice.

TL;DR: An inhibitory monoclonal antibody directed against a critical epitope on mouse factor B that protects mice in an in vivo model of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, demonstrating the therapeutic potential for the inhibition of factor B in this disease.

TL;DR: Current data on death receptor-mediated tumor cell apoptosis by NK cells is reviewed with a particular emphasis on the role of NK cell FASL in the RMA/RMA-S tumor model.

TL;DR: Targeting the BAFF/APRIL system may protect against autoimmunity and lymphoid cancers through the inhibition of pathogenic B and T cell functions.

TL;DR: The theme therein to underlie current understanding of the molecular association hanging between oxidative stress and the evolution of inflammation is walked through an elaborate discussion on the role of transcription factors and cofactors.

TL;DR: The genes and corresponding cDNAs of both alpha and beta chains of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) CD8 molecule have been sequenced and characterized as discussed by the authors, which is the first report of a sequence for CD8beta in a teleost and together with the CD8alpha sequence, it encodes the ortholog of the co-receptor molecule on mammalian T cells.

TL;DR: Because of apparently universal reactivity with HIV strains, MBL clearly represents an important mechanism for recognition of HIV by the immune system, but further studies are needed to define the in vivo contribution of MBL to clearance and destruction of HIV, the reasons for low neutralization by MBL and ways that MBL anti-viral effects can be augmented.

TL;DR: Since a large group of genes linked to immune responses did not show altered expression in the infected animals, these results suggest specific responses in mycobacterium-induced disease.

TL;DR: The current understanding of how various particle-associated substances and other impurities may contribute to the observed immune-activating properties of these complex immunogens is reviewed.

TL;DR: This review will briefly overview the regulation of some cellular subsets of the innate immune system particularly involved in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and focus on those cytokines and chemokines whose levels of expression are more profoundly affected by HIV infection and that, conversely, can modulate virus infection and replication.

TL;DR: The novel finding of considerable variation among induction levels and the correlation of the induction with basal expression suggests that these innate response elements may play a key role in susceptibility or resistance to disease in the oral cavity.

TL;DR: The specific interaction between DNAM-1 (in NK cells) and PVR or Nectin-2 (in target cells) enhanced the NK-mediated lysis of tumor cells that was downregulated by mAb-mediated masking of the receptor or its ligands.

TL;DR: This study presents the matching results of five mimotopes defined for the epitope recognized by trastuzumab (Herceptin), a humanized monoclonal antibody inhibiting tumor growth, on Her-2/neu, and suggests the algorithm as a novel way of binding site definition, circumventing co-crystallization experiments.

TL;DR: This brief review summarizes the current understanding of Toll-like receptor mediated intestinal epithelial mechanisms of commensal tolerance versus intolerance and provides an update on the downstream negative control of signaling responses through decreased surface expression, interregulation with NOD2, overexpression of Tollip, various inhibitors of NF-kappaB as well as soluble tolerizing mediators present in lumen and serum.

TL;DR: This review details the established knowledge and recent advances made in understanding how and under what circumstances the IFNs are expressed, starting with brief overviews of IFN and Toll-like receptors before following the molecular processes from induction of IFn, activation of the JAK-STAT pathway and finally the expression of interferon stimulated genes and their functions.

TL;DR: Specific aspects of viral replication in monocytes/macrophages and the role of their interactions with the cellular environment in HIV-1 infection swinging between protection and pathogenesis are discussed.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that C3a activates divergent signaling pathways to induce chemokine production in human mast cells and a human mast cell line LAD 2 express surface C 3a receptors at similar levels.

TL;DR: Three areas of active research are discussed, namely the mechanisms of IVIg action in Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP), the effects ofIVIg on activated B lymphocytes and the possible involvement of autoantibodies of IgG isotype (auto-IgG) in the immunomodulatory effects of IVG.

TL;DR: The current data provides rationale for the clinical use of DC1s in cancer and chronic infections, as a new generation DC-based vaccines, uniquely combining fully mature DC status with an elevated, rather than "exhausted" ability to produce bioactive IL-12p70.

TL;DR: Interactions between DC and NK cells may be critical in situations where immune surveillance requires efficient early activation of NK cells, as is the case during infections.

TL;DR: HMGB1, which also promotes epithelial migration and proliferation, drives repair in the absence or inhibition of other factors but enhances inflammation in their presence, which is suggested to have implications for tumorigenesis and tumor progression.

TL;DR: Improvement of the intra-epithelial infiltration/migration of NK cells may be an important basis for the development of an effective adjuvant NK-based immunotherapy of colorectal cancer.

TL;DR: Natural antibodies provide a previously unrecognized role in prevention of autoimmunity after IgM mediated opsonization of apoptotic cells with complement accelerates their clearance by phagocytic cells.

TL;DR: In vivo depletion of NK-cells completely abrogated this effect, suggesting that the mechanism involved in the ch14.18/CHO induced anti-neuroblastoma effect is mediated by NK-dependent ADCC.

TL;DR: This review focuses on three families of AMPs, defensins, cathelicidins, and lysozyme, and discusses their role in mucosal defence.