Showing papers in "Schizophrenia Research in 2013"

TL;DR: The essence of the broad DSM-IV definition of schizophrenia is retained and changes in its definition should improve diagnosis and characterization of individuals with schizophrenia and facilitate measurement-based treatment and concurrently provide a more useful platform for research that will elucidate its nature.

TL;DR: Findings from 1980 to 2006 of a substantial, generalized cognitive impairment in schizophrenia are extended, demonstrating that this finding has remained robust over time despite changes in assessment instruments and alterations in diagnostic criteria, and that it manifests similarly in different regions of the world despite linguistic and cultural differences.

TL;DR: A meta-analysis can demonstrate the effectiveness of the efforts to prevent or postpone a first episode of psychosis and Integrated psychological interventions need replication with more methodologically sound studies.

TL;DR: ToM was substantially impaired in first-episode psychosis and this deficit was comparable to findings in chronic patients and Severity of ToM deficits in unaffected relatives and UHR subjects was similar to other cognitive deficits observed in these groups.

TL;DR: Mindfulness interventions are moderately effective in treating negative symptoms and can be useful adjunct to pharmacotherapy; however, more research is warranted to identify the most effective elements of mindfulness interventions.

TL;DR: The results indicate that HORYZONS is feasible, engaging and safe and may augment social connectedness and empowerment in FEP and have significant implications for the enhancement of specialist FEP services.

TL;DR: These results show that antipsychotics produce anti-inflammatory effects in schizophrenia, and significantly increases plasma levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor and reduces the Plasma levels of interleuxin-1β and interferon-γ.

TL;DR: Four changes are made in the treatment of catatonia in DSM-5 to improve the consistent recognition of cat atonia across the range of psychiatric disorders and facilitate its specific treatment.

TL;DR: The logic and justification for including dimensional assessment of clinical symptoms in the evaluation of psychosis in the Fifth Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5) is reviewed.

TL;DR: Serological surrogate markers of bacterial translocation produced discordant and complex patterns of activity, a finding that may reflect an imbalanced, activated innate immune state in schizophrenia.

TL;DR: Detailed data suggest extensive, possibly myelin related white matter disruptions in FESZ, compared with healthy controls using a tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) approach applied to multiple measures of tract integrity.

TL;DR: It is suggested that clinical symptoms, mainly negative symptoms, mediate the influence of neurocognition and social cognition on functional outcome of schizophrenia.

TL;DR: The 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) continues the categorical classification of psychiatric disorders since the research needed to establish a new nosology of equal or greater validity is lacking as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: The work group decided to recommend the inclusion of attenuated psychosis syndrome as a category in the appendix of DSM-5 as a condition for further study, and found that reliable methods were available to define a syndrome characterized by sub-threshold psychotic symptoms.

TL;DR: Correlation between the connectivity of SN striatal regions and delusions supports the aberrant salience hypothesis and provides new insights into dysfunctional brain organization in schizophrenia and its contribution to specific schizophrenia symptoms.

TL;DR: Results of this study indicated that negative symptoms could play a central role in the process of recovery from schizophrenia, and a challenge for clinicians and researchers is to understand the mechanisms behind negative symptoms and develop interventions that can prevent or ameliorate these symptoms in order to promote recovery.

TL;DR: Long-term stability and outcome of deficit schizophrenia (DS), in comparison with nondeficit schizophrenia (NDS), were assessed and the factor structure and stability of broadly defined negative symptoms and the ability of the identified factors to predict functional outcome were investigated.

TL;DR: Treatment with both doses of lurasidone or with QXR-600 mg was associated with significantly greater improvement at Week 6 on PANSS total score, PANSS positive and negative subscale scores, and CGI-S score compared with placebo.

TL;DR: The findings provide further construct validation of positive and negative schizotypy and support these dimensions as universal constructs.

TL;DR: In the DSM-5, the diagnosis of Schizoaffective Disorder can be made only if full Mood Disorder episodes have been present for the majority of the total active and residual course of illness, from the onset of psychotic symptoms up until the current diagnosis.

TL;DR: The results suggest the presence of emotional recognition impairment before the onset of full-blown psychosis, and the deficit remains stable over the course of illness, fitting the pattern of a vulnerability indicator in contrast to an indicator of chronicity or severity.

TL;DR: It is found that inflammatory markers, particularly IL-1Ra and sTNF-R1 are associated with both general disease severity and psychotic features, which supports a role of immune activation in the core pathological mechanisms of severe mental disorders.

TL;DR: MCT, a low-intensity training aimed at enhancing patients' awareness of cognitive biases subserving paranoia, led to improvement in delusion symptoms relative to the control condition and over and above the effects of antipsychotic medication.

TL;DR: No significant differences were observed between those with ASD and schizophrenia on any cognitive domain assessed, and the areas of greatest impairment were identical across both disorders and included slowness in speed of processing and an inability to understand emotions.

TL;DR: The average age of death in the schizophrenia population (62.2 years; 95% CI, 61.9-62.5) was lower compared to the general population (73.4 years) as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: Improvements found in higher-level social cognition encourage further studies into the therapeutic potential of oxytocin in schizophrenia.

TL;DR: This article has been retracted at the request of the Editors after it was found that Jagadeesh S. Rao engaged in research misconduct by falsifying data.

TL;DR: Functional connectivity of the primary auditory cortex is investigated, using resting-state fMRI, in schizophrenia spectrum patients with and without lifetime AH to examine neural circuit abnormalities associated more specifically with AH than the myriad other symptoms that comprise schizophrenia.

TL;DR: Electroconvulsive therapy, combined with pharmacotherapy, may be a viable option for a selected group of patients with schizophrenia and is recommended for drug-resistant patients, for schizophrenic patients with catatonia, aggression or suicidal behavior, and when rapid global improvement and reduction of acute symptomatology are required.

TL;DR: This area merits more research evaluation, especially controlling for potential confounding factors such as clinical status, age, genetic background, psychotropic medications, BMI, and smoking.