Showing papers in "The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health in 2018"

TL;DR: Adolescence is the phase of life stretching between childhood and adulthood, and its definition has long posed a conundrum as mentioned in this paper, and it encompasses elements of biological growth and major social role transitions, both of which have changed in the past century.

TL;DR: FICare improved infant weight gain, decreased parent stress and anxiety, and increased high-frequency exclusive breastmilk feeding at discharge, which together suggest that FICare is an important advancement in neonatal care.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the relationship between adherence to the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth and global cognition in children aged 8-11 years and found that meeting the 24-hour movement recommendations was associated with superior global cognition.

TL;DR: Up-to-date evidence on the epidemiology of neonatal jaundice including its global burden based on estimates of its prevalence, and both fatal and non-fatal health outcomes is summarized.

TL;DR: Lung function trajectories are impaired in survivors of very preterm birth and survivors with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, ongoing respiratory symptoms, or CT changes reflecting inflammation have the poorest trajectories and might be at increased risk of lung disease in later life.

TL;DR: Each perinatal stroke disease is summarized, examining the epidemiology, pathophysiology, acute management, and outcomes, including the effect on parents and families, and emerging therapies to mitigate these lifelong morbidities.

TL;DR: The combination of ultrasonically suspected small for gestational age plus an elevated sFLT1/PlGF ratio in unselected nulliparous women identified a relatively small proportion of women who have high absolute risks of clinically important adverse outcomes.

TL;DR: It is shown that initial control of spasms between days 14 and 42 of treatment was associated with higher mean VABS scores at 18 months, and presence of epilepsy at the assessment at age 18 months was similar in both treatment groups.

TL;DR: The greatest obstacle to overcome will be to fully understand leukaemogenesis, enabling measures to decrease the risk of leukaemia development and thus close the last major gap in offering a cure to any child who might have the disease.

TL;DR: The findings of this cohort study indicate that intraocular lens implantation does not confer better vision or protection against postoperative glaucoma, and conversely increases the risk of requiring early reoperation in children younger than 2 years with bilateral or unilateral cataract.

TL;DR: Improvements in water quality, handwashing, sanitation, or nutrition supported by intensive interpersonal communication, when delivered either individually or in combination, contributed to improvements in child development in rural Bangladesh.

TL;DR: Prevention strategies for reducing childhood obesity should focus on maternal BMI rather than on pregnancy complications, as lowering maternal risk of gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, and pre-eclampsia is important in relation to maternal and fetal pregnancy outcomes, such interventions are unlikely to have a direct impact on childhood obesity.

TL;DR: Notable differences existed in cause-specific mortality rates between the European subregions, from a two- Times difference for leukaemia to a 20-times difference for lower respiratory infections between the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and EU15 (the 15 member states that had joined the European Union before May, 2004).

TL;DR: Late-infantile CLN2 disease has a largely predictable time course with regard to the loss of language and motor function, and these data might serve as historical controls for the assessment of current and future therapies.

TL;DR: Treatment with calcineurin inhibitors (ciclosporin and tacrolimus) is the standard of care for patients with non-genetic SRNS, and approximately 70% of patients achieve a complete or partial remission and show satisfactory long-term outcome.

TL;DR: Despite a theoretically informed and extensively piloted intervention that achieved high levels of engagement, follow-up, and fidelity of delivery, it is found no effect of the intervention on preventing overweight or obesity.

TL;DR: The 2017 McDonald criteria for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, as applied at the time of incident attack, perform well in identifying children and youth withmultiple sclerosis, indicating that the same diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis apply across the age span.

TL;DR: The efficacy persisted, with sustained seizure reduction after 1 year of treatment across both paediatric subgroups, and response rate was higher in the treatment groups than placebo in both the younger and older subgroups.

TL;DR: These results support the clinical efficacy of sodium oxybate oral solution treatment in children and adolescents who have narcolepsy with cataplexy and recommend continued use in patients with excessive daytime sleepiness.

TL;DR: A social plasticity model is put forth that includes developmentally limited enhanced social attunement, affective processing, and brain plasticity, which underlie adolescents' capacity to learn from and adapt to their constantly evolving social environments.

TL;DR: In neonates aged up to and including 4 weeks, late parenteral nutrition increased the likelihood of earlier live discharge from the paediatric ICU compared with early parenTERal nutrition (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1·61), but did not affect the risk of infection.

TL;DR: Mortality in children admitted to hospital for sepsis or severe focal infections is low in Europe and is largely due to vaccine-preventable meningococcal and pneumococcal infections, mainly in children younger than 5 years.

TL;DR: Primary IVIG plus prednisolone therapy in this study had an effect similar to that seen in the RAISE study in reducing the non-response rate and decreasing the incidence of coronary artery abnormalities.

TL;DR: The primary outcome was the effectiveness of PCV13 to prevent acute otitis media caused by pneumococci expressing the six capsular serotypes not included in PCV7 (1, 3, 5, 6A, 7F, and 19A).

TL;DR: Based on the presence of Zika virus antibodies in infants, it is concluded that 35-87% of microcephaly occurring during the time of the investigation in northeast Brazil was attributable to Zika virus.

TL;DR: Vulnerable adolescents have the double disadvantage of being at risk for both sexual assault and associated psychiatric disorders, highlighting the need for comprehensive support after an assault.

TL;DR: IIV4 prevented influenza A and B in children aged 6-35 months despite high levels of vaccine mismatch, and vaccine efficacy was highest against moderate-to-severe disease, which is the most clinically important endpoint associated with greatest burden.

TL;DR: The clinician-assessed severity rating of the principal anxiety disorder improved significantly after the 12-weeks treatment period for participants in both ICBT and active control, suggesting ICBT is an efficacious and cost-effective treatment for paediatric anxiety disorders.

TL;DR: This Review describes current understanding of the disease, the latest surgical developments, and highlights management issues and controversies, including the rationale and timing of surgical intervention, the choice of surgical approach, and long-term functional outcomes to provide a balanced management algorithm for readers.

TL;DR: A prospective surveillance study on the safety and long-term effect of the immunisation programme in the UK found no significant safety concerns after widespread use of 4CMenB in UK infants, and the vaccine appears to have been well accepted by parents.