Journal ArticleDOI
A brain-specific microRNA regulates dendritic spine development
Gerhard Schratt,Fabian Tuebing,Elizabeth A. Nigh,Elizabeth A. Nigh,Christina G. Kane,Christina G. Kane,Mary E. Sabatini,Michael A. Kiebler,Michael E. Greenberg,Michael E. Greenberg +9 more
TLDR
It is shown that a brain-specific microRNA, miR-134>, is localized to the synapto-dendritic compartment of rat hippocampal neurons and negatively regulates the size of dendritic spines—postsynaptic sites of excitatory synaptic transmission.Abstract:
MicroRNAs are small, non-coding RNAs that control the translation of target messenger RNAs, thereby regulating critical aspects of plant and animal development. In the mammalian nervous system, the spatiotemporal control of mRNA translation has an important role in synaptic development and plasticity. Although a number of microRNAs have been isolated from the mammalian brain, neither the specific microRNAs that regulate synapse function nor their target mRNAs have been identified. Here we show that a brain-specific microRNA, miR-134, is localized to the synapto-dendritic compartment of rat hippocampal neurons and negatively regulates the size of dendritic spines--postsynaptic sites of excitatory synaptic transmission. This effect is mediated by miR-134 inhibition of the translation of an mRNA encoding a protein kinase, Limk1, that controls spine development. Exposure of neurons to extracellular stimuli such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor relieves miR-134 inhibition of Limk1 translation and in this way may contribute to synaptic development, maturation and/or plasticity.read more
Citations
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Mechanisms of post-transcriptional regulation by microRNAs: are the answers in sight?
TL;DR: This Review summarizes the current understanding of the mechanistic aspects of microRNA-induced repression of translation and discusses some of the controversies regarding different modes of micro RNA function.
Journal ArticleDOI
The widespread regulation of microRNA biogenesis, function and decay.
TL;DR: This work has shown that the regulation of miRNA metabolism and function by a range of mechanisms involving numerous protein–protein and protein–RNA interactions has an important role in the context-specific functions of miRNAs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tumour invasion and metastasis initiated by microRNA-10b in breast cancer
TL;DR: It is shown that miR-10b is highly expressed in metastatic breast cancer cells and positively regulates cell migration and invasion, and the workings of an undescribed regulatory pathway, in which a pleiotropic transcription factor induces expression of a specific microRNA, which suppresses its direct target and in turn activates another pro-metastatic gene, leading to tumour cell invasion and metastasis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Origin, biogenesis, and activity of plant microRNAs.
TL;DR: Current advances in understanding of the origin, biogenesis, and mode of action of plant miRNAs are discussed and comparisons with their metazoan counterparts are drawn.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Diverse Functions of MicroRNAs in Animal Development and Disease
TL;DR: Current evidence suggests a direct link between miRNAs and disease, and miRNA expression signatures are associated with various types of cancer, and the gain and loss of miRNA target sites appears to be causal to some genetic disorders.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
MicroRNAs: Genomics, Biogenesis, Mechanism, and Function
TL;DR: Although they escaped notice until relatively recently, miRNAs comprise one of the more abundant classes of gene regulatory molecules in multicellular organisms and likely influence the output of many protein-coding genes.
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The functions of animal microRNAs
TL;DR: Evidence is mounting that animal miRNAs are more numerous, and their regulatory impact more pervasive, than was previously suspected.
Journal ArticleDOI
MicroRNAs: small RNAs with a big role in gene regulation
Lin He,Gregory J. Hannon +1 more
TL;DR: Two founding members of the microRNA family were originally identified in Caenorhabditis elegans as genes that were required for the timed regulation of developmental events and indicate the existence of multiple RISCs that carry out related but specific biological functions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Human MicroRNA Targets
Bino John,Anton J. Enright,Anton J. Enright,Alexei A. Aravin,Thomas Tuschl,Chris Sander,Debora S. Marks +6 more
TL;DR: This work has predicted target sites on the 3′ untranslated regions of human gene transcripts for all currently known 218 mammalian miRNAs to facilitate focused experiments and suggests that miRNA genes, which are about 1% of all human genes, regulate protein production for 10% or more of allhuman genes.
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Identification of tissue-specific microRNAs from mouse
Mariana Lagos-Quintana,Reinhard Rauhut,Abdullah Yalcin,Jutta Meyer,Winfried Lendeckel,Thomas Tuschl +5 more
TL;DR: 34 novel miRNAs were identified by tissue-specific cloning of approximately 21-nucleotide RNAs from mouse and a miRNA was identified that appears to be the fruitfly and mammalian ortholog of C. elegans lin-4 stRNA.