Journal ArticleDOI
A new antigen receptor gene family that undergoes rearrangement and extensive somatic diversification in sharks
Andrew S. Greenberg,D Avila,Marianne K. Hughes,Austin L. Hughes,E C McKinney,Martin F. Flajnik +5 more
TLDR
The isolation of a new member of the immunoglobulin superfamily from the nurse shark, Ginglymostoma cirratum, is reported, which contains one variable and five constant domains and is found as a dimer in serum.Abstract:
IMMUNOGLOBULIN and T-cell receptor (TCR) molecules are central to the adaptive immune system. Sequence conservation, similarities in domain structure, and usage of similar recombination signal sequences and recombination machinery indicate that there was probably a time during evolution when an ancestral receptor diverged to the modern-day immunoglobulin and TCR1–3. Other molecules that undergo rearrangement have not been described in vertebrates, nor have intermediates been identified that have features of both these gene families. We report here the isolation of a new member of the immunoglobulin superfamily from the nurse shark, Ginglymostoma cirratum, which contains one variable and five constant domains and is found as a dimer in serum. Analyses of complementary DNA clones show extensive sequence diversity within variable domains, which is generated by both rearrangement and somatic diversification mechanisms. Our results suggest that rearranging loci distinct from immunoglobulin and TCR have arisen during evolution.read more
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Properties, production, and applications of camelid single-domain antibody fragments
M.M. Harmsen,H. de Haard +1 more
TL;DR: This minireview offers an overview ofamelids' properties as compared to conventional antibodies, their production in microorganisms, with a focus on yeasts, and their therapeutic applications.
Journal ArticleDOI
Origin and evolution of the adaptive immune system: genetic events and selective pressures
TL;DR: Insight is offered into the latest advances in this field of adaptive immune system research and speculate on the selective pressures that led to the emergence and maintenance of the AIS.
Journal ArticleDOI
Single domain antibodies: promising experimental and therapeutic tools in infection and immunity.
Janusz Wesolowski,Vanina Alzogaray,Jan Reyelt,Mandy Unger,Karla Juarez,Karla Juarez,Mariela Urrutia,Ana Cauerhff,Welbeck Danquah,Björn Rissiek,Felix Scheuplein,Nicole Schwarz,Sahil Adriouch,Olivier Boyer,Michel Seman,Alexei Licea,David V. Serreze,Fernando Alberto Goldbaum,Friedrich Haag,Friedrich Koch-Nolte +19 more
TL;DR: The results of several recent proof-of-principle studies are reviewed that open the exciting perspective of using sdAbs for modulating immune functions and for targeting toxins and microbes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Discovery of a unique Ig heavy-chain isotype (IgT) in rainbow trout: Implications for a distinctive B cell developmental pathway in teleost fish.
TL;DR: Genomic sequence analysis of an OSU-142 bacterial artificial chromosome clone positive for all three IgH isotypes revealed that IgT utilizes the standard rainbow trout V(H) families, but surprisingly, the IgT isotype possesses its own exclusive set of D and J elements for the generation of diversity.
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Efficient Cancer Therapy with a Nanobody-Based Conjugate
Virna Cortez-Retamozo,Natalija Backmann,Peter D. Senter,Ullrich Wernery,Patrick De Baetselier,Serge Muyldermans,Hilde Revets +6 more
TL;DR: In vivo studies demonstrated that the nanobody-enzyme conjugate had an excellent biodistribution profile and induced regressions and cures of established tumor xenografts, making nanobodies promising vehicles for new generation cancer therapeutics.
References
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Journal Article
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TL;DR: The efficacy of this cDNA cloning strategy was demonstrated by isolating cDNA clones of mRNA from int-2, a mouse gene that expresses four different transcripts at low abundance, the longest of which is approximately 2.9 kilobases.