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Accurate determination of local defocus and specimen tilt in electron microscopy

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TLDR
Two computer programs are presented, CTFFIND3 and CTFTILT, which determine defocus parameters from images of untilted specimens, as well as defocus and tilt parameters from image of tilted specimens, respectively, using a simple algorithm.
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This article is published in Journal of Structural Biology.The article was published on 2003-06-01. It has received 1480 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Tilt (optics) & Contrast transfer function.

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Ultrastructural characterisation of Bacillus subtilis TatA complexes suggests they are too small to form homooligomeric translocation pores

TL;DR: The structure of the TatAd complex from Bacillus subtilis using electron microscopy is studied to generate the first 3D model of a TatA complex from a Gram-positive bacterium, and it is observed that TatAd does not exhibit the remarkable heterogeneity of Escherichia coli TatA complexes but instead forms ring-shaped complexes of 7–9 nm diameter.
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Electron microscopy and image processing: an essential tool for structural analysis of macromolecules.

TL;DR: Electron crystallography has produced near‐atomic resolution models of two‐dimensional arrays, notably of membrane proteins, and electron tomography allows reconstruction of pleiomorphic complexes and sub‐cellular structures.
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Structure of GroEL in complex with an early folding intermediate of alanine glyoxylate aminotransferase.

TL;DR: In this article, the three-dimensional structure of a complex between the bacterial chaperonin GroEL and a folding intermediate of AGXT-LTM mutant has been solved by cryoelectron microscopy.
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Human Rhinovirus Subviral A Particle Binds to Lipid Membranes over a Twofold Axis of Icosahedral Symmetry

TL;DR: Human rhinovirus 2 (HRV2) A particles, produced in vitro by incubation at pH 5.4, are allowed to attach to liposomes; cryo-electron microscopy 3-dimensional single-particle image reconstruction revealed that they bind to the membrane around a 2-fold icosahedral symmetry axis.
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NLRP6 self-assembles into a linear molecular platform following LPS binding and ATP stimulation.

TL;DR: It is shown that the major component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), binds NLRP6 directly and induces global conformational change and dimerization and is shed light on the mystery of LPS-induced inflammasome initiation.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Three-dimensional model of purple membrane obtained by electron microscopy

TL;DR: A 7-Å resolution map of the purple membrane has been obtained by electron microscopy of tilted, unstained specimens and shows that Lipid bilayer regions fill the spaces between the protein molecules.
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Structure of the alpha beta tubulin dimer by electron crystallography.

TL;DR: An atomic model of the αβ tubulin dimer fitted to a 3.7-Å density map obtained by electron crystallography of zinc-induced tubulin sheets is presented.
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Structural determinants of water permeation through aquaporin-1.

TL;DR: An atomic model of human red cell AQP1 is described, providing a possible molecular explanation to a longstanding puzzle in physiology—how membranes can be freely permeable to water but impermeable to protons.
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Structure of dengue virus: implications for flavivirus organization, maturation, and fusion.

TL;DR: The first structure of a flavivirus has been determined by using a combination of cryoelectron microscopy and fitting of the known structure of glycoprotein E into the electron density map, suggesting that flaviviruses employ a fusion mechanism in which the distal beta barrels of domain II of the glycop Protein E are inserted into the cellular membrane.
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A ratchet-like inter-subunit reorganization of the ribosome during translocation.

TL;DR: Three-dimensional cryo-electron microscopy maps of the Escherichia coli 70S ribosome in various functional states show that both EF-G binding and subsequent GTP hydrolysis lead to ratchet-like rotations of the small 30S sub unit relative to the large 50S subunit, indicating a two-step mechanism of translocation.
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