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Accurate determination of local defocus and specimen tilt in electron microscopy

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TLDR
Two computer programs are presented, CTFFIND3 and CTFTILT, which determine defocus parameters from images of untilted specimens, as well as defocus and tilt parameters from image of tilted specimens, respectively, using a simple algorithm.
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This article is published in Journal of Structural Biology.The article was published on 2003-06-01. It has received 1480 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Tilt (optics) & Contrast transfer function.

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Structures of Human Peroxiredoxin 3 Suggest Self-Chaperoning Assembly that Maintains Catalytic State.

TL;DR: This work proposes a new role for the HMW form as a self-chaperoning assembly maintaining HsPrx3 function under stress, and displays both a fully folded active site and ordered C terminus, suggesting that the Hs prx3 H MW form maintains catalytic activity.
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Multiple states of a nucleotide-bound group 2 chaperonin.

TL;DR: The results show that the unliganded form of the homo-16-mer Methanococcus maripaludis group 2 chaperonin is very open and flexible, with intersubunit contacts only in the central double belt of equatorial domains, and the intermediate and apical domains are free of contacts and deviate significantly from the overall 8-fold symmetry.
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High-Resolution pH Imaging of Living Bacterial Cells To Detect Local pH Differences

TL;DR: An in vivo pH imaging system with high spatial and pH resolutions with a pH indicator probe to measure local pH near the export apparatus is developed and provides direct evidence suggesting that ATP hydrolysis by the ATPase complex and the following rapid protein translocation by the export gate are both linked to efficient proton translocation through the gate.
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Retroviral integration into nucleosomes through DNA looping and sliding along the histone octamer

TL;DR: The 3.9 Å cryo-EM structure of prototype foamy virus integrase after strand transfer into nucleosomal DNA, which together with single-molecule FRET measurements provides evidence for a DNA looping and sliding mechanism of integrases.
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An extensively glycosylated archaeal pilus survives extreme conditions.

TL;DR: The electron cryo-microscopy structure of Sulfolobus islandicus pili enabled the identification of SiL_2606 as the main pilin in these filaments and revealed that the pili are glycosylated, which probably explains how these structures remain soluble and stable even when cells grow at pH 3 and 80 °C.
References
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Three-dimensional model of purple membrane obtained by electron microscopy

TL;DR: A 7-Å resolution map of the purple membrane has been obtained by electron microscopy of tilted, unstained specimens and shows that Lipid bilayer regions fill the spaces between the protein molecules.
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Structure of the alpha beta tubulin dimer by electron crystallography.

TL;DR: An atomic model of the αβ tubulin dimer fitted to a 3.7-Å density map obtained by electron crystallography of zinc-induced tubulin sheets is presented.
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Structural determinants of water permeation through aquaporin-1.

TL;DR: An atomic model of human red cell AQP1 is described, providing a possible molecular explanation to a longstanding puzzle in physiology—how membranes can be freely permeable to water but impermeable to protons.
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Structure of dengue virus: implications for flavivirus organization, maturation, and fusion.

TL;DR: The first structure of a flavivirus has been determined by using a combination of cryoelectron microscopy and fitting of the known structure of glycoprotein E into the electron density map, suggesting that flaviviruses employ a fusion mechanism in which the distal beta barrels of domain II of the glycop Protein E are inserted into the cellular membrane.
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A ratchet-like inter-subunit reorganization of the ribosome during translocation.

TL;DR: Three-dimensional cryo-electron microscopy maps of the Escherichia coli 70S ribosome in various functional states show that both EF-G binding and subsequent GTP hydrolysis lead to ratchet-like rotations of the small 30S sub unit relative to the large 50S subunit, indicating a two-step mechanism of translocation.
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