Adaptive introgression in animals: examples and comparison to new mutation and standing variation as sources of adaptive variation.
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TLDR
The various attributes of these three potential sources of adaptive variation are compared, including balancing selection for multiple alleles for major histocompatibility complex (MHC), S and csd genes, pesticide resistance in mice, black colour in wolves and white colour in coyotes, Neanderthal or Denisovan ancestry in humans, and mimicry genes in Heliconius butterflies are examined.Abstract:
Adaptive genetic variation has been thought to originate primarily from either new mutation or standing variation. Another potential source of adaptive variation is adaptive variants from other (donor) species that are introgressed into the (recipient) species, termed adaptive introgression. Here, the various attributes of these three potential sources of adaptive variation are compared. For example, the rate of adaptive change is generally thought to be faster from standing variation, slower from mutation and potentially intermediate from adaptive introgression. Additionally, the higher initial frequency of adaptive variation from standing variation and lower initial frequency from mutation might result in a higher probability of fixation of the adaptive variants for standing variation. Adaptive variation from introgression might have higher initial frequency than new adaptive mutations but lower than that from standing variation, again making the impact of adaptive introgression variation potentially intermediate. Adaptive introgressive variants might have multiple changes within a gene and affect multiple loci, an advantage also potentially found for adaptive standing variation but not for new adaptive mutants. The processes that might produce a common variant in two taxa, convergence, trans-species polymorphism from incomplete lineage sorting or from balancing selection and adaptive introgression, are also compared. Finally, potential examples of adaptive introgression in animals, including balancing selection for multiple alleles for major histocompatibility complex (MHC), S and csd genes, pesticide resistance in mice, black colour in wolves and white colour in coyotes, Neanderthal or Denisovan ancestry in humans, mimicry genes in Heliconius butterflies, beak traits in Darwin's finches, yellow skin in chickens and non-native ancestry in an endangered native salamander, are examined.read more
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Genomic islands of divergence in hybridizing Heliconius butterflies identified by large-scale targeted sequencing.
Nicola J. Nadeau,Annabel Whibley,Robert T. Jones,Robert T. Jones,John W. Davey,Kanchon K. Dasmahapatra,Simon W. Baxter,Michael A. Quail,Mathieu Joron,Richard H. ffrench-Constant,Mark Blaxter,James Mallet,Chris D. Jiggins +12 more
TL;DR: Targeted next-generation sequence capture is used to survey patterns of divergence across these entire regions in divergent geographical races and species of Heliconius, finding major peaks of elevated population differentiation between races across hybrid zones, which indicate regions under strong divergent selection.
Journal ArticleDOI
MHC genotypes associate with resistance to a frog-killing fungus
Anna E. Savage,Kelly R. Zamudio +1 more
TL;DR: It is found that alleles of an expressed MHC class IIB locus associate with survival following Bd infection, confirming that host genetic polymorphisms contribute to chytridiomycosis resistance.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Genetic Basis of Resistance to Anticoagulants in Rodents
Hans-Joachim Pelz,Simone Rost,Mirja Hünerberg,Andreas Fregin,Ann-Charlotte Heiberg,Kristof Baert,Alan D. MacNicoll,Colin V. Prescott,Anne-Sophie Walker,Johannes Oldenburg,Clemens R. Müller +10 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that mutations in VKORC1 are the genetic basis of anticoagulant resistance in wild populations of rodents, although the mutations alone do not explain all aspects of resistance that have been reported.
Journal ArticleDOI
Adaptive Introgression of Anticoagulant Rodent Poison Resistance by Hybridization between Old World Mice
Ying Song,Stefan Endepols,Nicole Klemann,Dania Richter,Franz-Rainer Matuschka,Ching-Hua Shih,Michael W. Nachman,Michael H. Kohn +7 more
TL;DR: It is shown that resistant house mice can also originate from selection on vkorc1 polymorphisms acquired from the Algerian mouse (M. spretus) through introgressive hybridization, and positive selection produced an adaptive, divergent, and pleiotropic vKorc1 allele in the donor species, M. domesticus.
Journal ArticleDOI
A simple genealogical structure of strongly balanced allelic lines and trans-species evolution of polymorphism.
TL;DR: Allelic genealogy predicts that the number of breeding individuals in the human population could not be as small as 50-100 at any time of its evolutionary history, which appears to contradict the founder principle as being important in recent mammalian evolution.
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