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Addiction: failure of control over maladaptive incentive habits.

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TLDR
It is hypothesized that these incentive habits result from a pathological coupling of drug-influenced motivational states and a rigid stimulus-response habit system by which drug-associated stimuli through automatic processes elicit and maintain drug seeking.
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This article is published in Current Opinion in Neurobiology.The article was published on 2013-08-01. It has received 232 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Addiction & Nucleus accumbens.

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Citations
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Long-term effects of THC exposure on reward learning and motivated behavior in adolescent and adult male rats

TL;DR: The authors found that repeated exposure to THC during adolescence or adulthood led to long-term changes in rats' capacity to flexibly encode and use action-outcome associations for goal-directed decision making.
Journal ArticleDOI

Using computer-based habit versus chess-based cognitive remediation training as add-on therapy to modify the imbalance between habitual behavior and cognitive control in tobacco use disorder: protocol of a randomized controlled, fMRI study

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors investigated the modifiability of the balance between habitual and goal-directed behavior at the neurobiological and behavioral level in smokers using two different novel add-on therapies.
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Maladaptive cue-controlled cocaine-seeking habits promote increased relapse severity in rats

TL;DR: This article showed that rats with a long history of cocaine-seeking, controlled by drug-paired cues and mediated by the habit system, show highly exacerbated drug-seeking at relapse that is not mediated by cocaine withdrawal.
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The FAAH inhibitor URB597 reduces cocaine seeking during conditioned punishment and withdrawal

TL;DR: In this article , the effects of the FAAH inhibitor URB597 (1 mg/kg) on crucial features of cocaine addictive-like behavior in mice were investigated. And the results indicated the prominent role of endocannabinoids in the development of cocaine addiction and support the potential of FAAH inhibition as a therapeutical target for the treatment of drug addiction.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

The neural basis of drug craving: An incentive-sensitization theory of addiction

TL;DR: S sensitization of incentive salience can produce addictive behavior even if the expectation of drug pleasure or the aversive properties of withdrawal are diminished and even in the face of strong disincentives, including the loss of reputation, job, home and family.
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Neurocircuitry of Addiction

TL;DR: The delineation of the neurocircuitry of the evolving stages of the addiction syndrome forms a heuristic basis for the search for the molecular, genetic, and neuropharmacological neuroadaptations that are key to vulnerability for developing and maintaining addiction.
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Neural systems of reinforcement for drug addiction: from actions to habits to compulsion

TL;DR: It is hypothesized that the change from voluntary drug use to more habitual and compulsive drug use represents a transition at the neural level from prefrontal cortical to striatal control over drug seeking and drug taking behavior as well as a progression from ventral to more dorsal domains of the striatum, involving its dopaminergic innervation.
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The Neural Basis of Addiction: A Pathology of Motivation and Choice

TL;DR: Cellular adaptations in prefrontal glutamatergic innervation of the accumbens promote the compulsive character of drug seeking in addicts by decreasing the value of natural rewards, diminishing cognitive control (choice), and enhancing glutamatorgic drive in response to drug-associated stimuli.
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