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Addiction: failure of control over maladaptive incentive habits.

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TLDR
It is hypothesized that these incentive habits result from a pathological coupling of drug-influenced motivational states and a rigid stimulus-response habit system by which drug-associated stimuli through automatic processes elicit and maintain drug seeking.
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This article is published in Current Opinion in Neurobiology.The article was published on 2013-08-01. It has received 232 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Addiction & Nucleus accumbens.

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Citations
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Opioid Use Disorders.

TL;DR: Emerging consensus supports the incorporation of relapse prevention medications such as buprenorphine and extended release naltrexone into comprehensive psychosocial treatment including counseling and family involvement.
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Basolateral and central amygdala differentially recruit and maintain dorsolateral striatum-dependent cocaine-seeking habits

TL;DR: Functional disconnections and electrophysiological recordings of the amygdalo-striatal networks in rats trained to seek cocaine demonstrate that functional shifts within the striatum are driven by transitions from the basolateral (BLA) to the central (CeN) amygdala.
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Role of the endocannabinoid system in drug addiction.

TL;DR: New research strategies are under development to target the endocannabinoid system for drug addiction avoiding these side effects, which include allosteric negative modulators of CB1 receptors and compounds targeting CB2 receptors.
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The BDNF valine 68 to methionine polymorphism increases compulsive alcohol drinking in mice that is reversed by tropomyosin receptor kinase B activation

TL;DR: This work identifies a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of compulsive alcohol drinking in humans carrying the Met66BDNF allele that can be reversed by directly activating the BDNF receptor, tropomyosin receptor kinase B.
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Methamphetamine addiction: involvement of CREB and neuroinflammatory signaling pathways.

TL;DR: Data show an association of METH exposure with activation of neuroplastic and neuroinflammatory cascades in the brain that may be involved in promoting METH addiction and Therapeutic approaches that include suppression of neuroinflammation may be beneficial to addicted patients.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

The neural basis of drug craving: An incentive-sensitization theory of addiction

TL;DR: S sensitization of incentive salience can produce addictive behavior even if the expectation of drug pleasure or the aversive properties of withdrawal are diminished and even in the face of strong disincentives, including the loss of reputation, job, home and family.
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Neurocircuitry of Addiction

TL;DR: The delineation of the neurocircuitry of the evolving stages of the addiction syndrome forms a heuristic basis for the search for the molecular, genetic, and neuropharmacological neuroadaptations that are key to vulnerability for developing and maintaining addiction.
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Neural systems of reinforcement for drug addiction: from actions to habits to compulsion

TL;DR: It is hypothesized that the change from voluntary drug use to more habitual and compulsive drug use represents a transition at the neural level from prefrontal cortical to striatal control over drug seeking and drug taking behavior as well as a progression from ventral to more dorsal domains of the striatum, involving its dopaminergic innervation.
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The Neural Basis of Addiction: A Pathology of Motivation and Choice

TL;DR: Cellular adaptations in prefrontal glutamatergic innervation of the accumbens promote the compulsive character of drug seeking in addicts by decreasing the value of natural rewards, diminishing cognitive control (choice), and enhancing glutamatorgic drive in response to drug-associated stimuli.
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