An estimate of the total number of true human miRNAs.
Julia Alles,Tobias Fehlmann,Ulrike Fischer,Christina Backes,Galata,Marie Minet,Martin Hart,Masood Abu-Halima,Friedrich A. Grässer,Hans-Peter Lenhof,Andreas Keller,Eckart Meese +11 more
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TLDR
The experimentally validated miRNAs will contribute to revising targetomes hypothesized by utilizing falsely annotated miRNA candidates, 1115 of which are currently annotated in miRBase V22.Abstract:
While the number of human miRNA candidates continuously increases, only a few of them are completely characterized and experimentally validated. Toward determining the total number of true miRNAs, we employed a combined in silico high- and experimental low-throughput validation strategy. We collected 28 866 human small RNA sequencing data sets containing 363.7 billion sequencing reads and excluded falsely annotated and low quality data. Our high-throughput analysis identified 65% of 24 127 mature miRNA candidates as likely false-positives. Using northern blotting, we experimentally validated miRBase entries and novel miRNA candidates. By exogenous overexpression of 108 precursors that encode 205 mature miRNAs, we confirmed 68.5% of the miRBase entries with the confirmation rate going up to 94.4% for the high-confidence entries and 18.3% of the novel miRNA candidates. Analyzing endogenous miRNAs, we verified the expression of 8 miRNAs in 12 different human cell lines. In total, we extrapolated 2300 true human mature miRNAs, 1115 of which are currently annotated in miRBase V22. The experimentally validated miRNAs will contribute to revising targetomes hypothesized by utilizing falsely annotated miRNAs.read more
Citations
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A review of currently identified small molecule modulators of microRNA function
TL;DR: The microRNA modulating small molecules that have thus far been identified in the literature are discussed and the need for continued research in this field is highlighted.
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The Role of microRNAs in Organismal and Skin Aging
TL;DR: The analysis of the age-associated cutaneous miRNAs revealed the increased expression of miR-130, mi-138, and mi-181a/b in keratinocytes during replicative senescence, and the plausible antiaging activity ofmiR-146a that antagonized the UVA-induced inhibition of proliferation and suppressed aging-related genes through targeting Smad4 has been noticed.
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miRNAs as Influencers of Cell–Cell Communication in Tumor Microenvironment
Ilaria Conti,Gabriele Varano,Carolina Simioni,Ilaria Laface,Daniela Milani,Erika Rimondi,Luca M. Neri +6 more
TL;DR: The role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of multicomplex diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, obesity, and cancer, is discussed, focusing on the contribution of both intracellular mi RNAs, and of released ECmiRNas in the establishment and development of cancer niche.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Based Systems Biology Approaches in Multi-Omics Data Analysis of Cancer.
Nupur Biswas,Saikat Chakrabarti +1 more
TL;DR: This review has primarily focused on the AI-based analysis for determining cancer subtypes, disease prognosis, and therapeutic targets and briefly discussed about the data repositories because of their pivotal role in multi-omics data storing, processing, and analysis.
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Pan-cancer analysis reveals cooperativity of both strands of microRNA that regulate tumorigenesis and patient survival.
TL;DR: Pan-cancer analysis indicates 5p/3p miRNA strands function together to regulate tumorigenic processes, and reveals a previously unknown pan-cancer miRNA signature with patient prognostic power.
References
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MicroRNAs: Genomics, Biogenesis, Mechanism, and Function
TL;DR: Although they escaped notice until relatively recently, miRNAs comprise one of the more abundant classes of gene regulatory molecules in multicellular organisms and likely influence the output of many protein-coding genes.
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MicroRNAs: Target Recognition and Regulatory Functions
TL;DR: The current understanding of miRNA target recognition in animals is outlined and the widespread impact of miRNAs on both the expression and evolution of protein-coding genes is discussed.
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The functions of animal microRNAs
TL;DR: Evidence is mounting that animal miRNAs are more numerous, and their regulatory impact more pervasive, than was previously suspected.
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Characteristics of a Human Cell Line Transformed by DNA from Human Adenovirus Type 5
TL;DR: Human embryonic kidney cells have been transformed by exposing cells to sheared fragments of adenovirus type 5 DNA, and the transformed cells exhibited many of the characteristics of transformation including the elaboration of a virus-specific tumour antigen.
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miRBase: annotating high confidence microRNAs using deep sequencing data.
Ana Kozomara,Sam Griffiths-Jones +1 more
TL;DR: An update of the miRBase database is described, including the collation and use of deep sequencing data sets to assign levels of confidence to miR base entries, and a high confidence subset of miR Base entries are provided, based on the pattern of mapped reads.