An optimized scheme of lettered marine isotope substages for the last 1.0 million years, and the climatostratigraphic nature of isotope stages and substages

TLDR: In this paper, a complete and optimized scheme of lettered marine isotope substages spanning the last 1.0 million years is proposed, based on the LR04 stack of marine benthic oxygen isotope records, and thus it is grounded in a continuous record responsive largely to changes in ice volume that are inherently global.

About: This article is published in Quaternary Science Reviews.The article was published on 2015-03-01 and is currently open access. It has received 408 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Marine isotope stage.

Figures

Fig. 4. Euler diagram showing different kinds of time-series data and the kinds of stages that 1013 would be identified from them, as discussed in Section 5.1. 1014

Table 1. Geochronologic intervals and their stratigraphic equivalents, with examples

Table 2. First designations of lettered substages

Fig. 5. Three hypothetical sets of time series data illustrating chronological errors possible in 1018 identifying stages (blue) or events (red) from time-series data of different kinds, as discussed in 1019 Section 5.2. A and B combine to illustrate how differential time lags can cause faulty correlations 1020 in time of both stages and events; B and C combine to illustrate how difference in latitude or 1021 altitude can cause faulty correlations in time of stage boundaries. Comparison of B and C also 1022

Fig. 3. Proposed scheme of marine isotope substages for the last 1.0 million years, defined 999 relative to the LR04 stack of marine benthic foraminiferal δ18O data of Lisiecki and Raymo 1000

Frequently asked questions

Q1. What have the authors contributed in "An optimized scheme of lettered marine isotope substages for the last 1.0 million years, and the climatostratigraphic nature of isotope stages and substages" ?

The authors therefore propose a system of lettered substages that is complete, without missing substages, and optimized to match previous published usage to the maximum extent possible. 

Q2. what is the earliest record of a polar ice sheet?

A stalagmite record of abrupt climate change and possible 821 Westerlies-derived atmospheric precipitation during the Penultimate Glacial Maximum in 822 northern China. 

Q3. what is the quaternary stratigraphy of site 846?

Oxygen isotope and palaeomagnetic stratigraphy of 870 equatorial Pacific core V28-238: oxygen isotope temperatures and ice volumes on a 105 and 106 871 year scale. 

Q4. What is the style of Prell et al.?

Style of Martinson et al. (1987)6.57.0 8.0 9.07.06.5 7.1 7.2 7.3 8.2 8.3 8.4SubstagesEvents of no discernible duration7.33 7.37.1 7.2 8.2 8.3 8.46.67.3 7.337.31 

Q5. What is the age constraint for pre- and post-Anglian temperate deposits?

Improved age constraint for pre- and post-Anglian temperate-stage deposits 955 in north Norfolk, UK, from analysis of serine decomposition in Bithynia opercula. 

Q6. What is the climatic stage of the 672 Brunhes Epoch?

Nannofossil biostratigraphy and climatic stages of Pleistocene 672 Brunhes Epoch: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 60, 1562–1564. 

Q7. what is the palaeoceanographic change in the north Atlantic during the mid-?

690 Palaeoceanographic changes in the North Atlantic during the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MIS 691Railsback et al. 2015 – pre-proof manuscript – p. 2831-19) as inferred from planktonic foraminiferal and calcium carbonate records.