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Azathioprine versus mycophenolate mofetil for long-term immunosuppression in lupus nephritis: results from the MAINTAIN Nephritis Trial

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TLDR
Fewer renal flares were observed in patients receiving MMF but the difference did not reach statistical significance and over a 3-year period, 24 h proteinuria, serum creatinine, serum albumin, serum C3, haemoglobin and global disease activity scores improved similarly in both groups.
Abstract
Long-term immunosuppressive treatment does not efficiently prevent relapses of lupus nephritis (LN). This investigator-initiated randomised trial tested whether mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was superior to azathioprine (AZA) as maintenance treatment.

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Citations
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Joint European League Against Rheumatism and European Renal Association–European Dialysis and Transplant Association (EULAR/ERA-EDTA) recommendations for the management of adult and paediatric lupus nephritis

TL;DR: Recommendations for the management of lupus nephritis were developed using an evidence-based approach followed by expert consensus and there is no evidence to suggest that management of LN should differ in children versus adults.

KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for Glomerulonephritis

TL;DR: This chapter discusses general principles in the management of glomerular disease, as well as methods for guideline development and examples of successful implementation of these principles.
Journal ArticleDOI

Systemic lupus erythematosus.

TL;DR: The 10-year mortality has improved and toxic adverse effects of older medications such as cyclophosphamide and glucocorticoids have been partially offset by newer drugs such as mycophenolate mofetil and glucose-sparing regimes.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

The 1982 revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus

TL;DR: The 1971 preliminary criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were revised and updated to incorporate new immunologic knowledge and improve disease classification and showed gains in sensitivity and specificity.
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Updating the American College of Rheumatology revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus.

TL;DR: In 1992, Piette and colleagues suggested that the ACR revised criteria be reevaluated in light of the above discoveries, and the presence and clinical associations or antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with SLE was suggested.
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Derivation of the SLEDAI. A disease activity index for lupus patients. The Committee on Prognosis Studies in SLE.

TL;DR: The development of the SLEDAI is described, a validated model of experienced clinicians' global assessments of disease activity in lupus, which represents the consensus of a group of experts in the field of l upus research.
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Prevalence and correlates of accelerated atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus

TL;DR: The clinical profile of patients with lupus and atherosclerosis suggests a role for disease-related factors in atherogenesis and underscores the need for trials of more focused and effective antiinflammatory therapy.
Journal ArticleDOI

Morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus during a 10-year period: a comparison of early and late manifestations in a cohort of 1,000 patients

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assessed the frequency and characteristics of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) during a 10-year period and compared the frequency of early manifestations with those that appeared later in the evolution of the disease.
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