Book ChapterDOI
Biomass and Net Primary Production of Central Amazonian Floodplain Forests
Jochen Schöngart,Florian Wittmann +1 more
- pp 347-388
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TLDR
In this paper, the existing knowledge on biomass in floodplain forests and the compounds that contribute to their net primary production (NPP) are presented and discussed in comparison with data from non-flooded upland (terra firme) forests.Abstract:
In this chapter the existing knowledge on biomass in floodplain forests and the compounds that contribute to their net primary production (NPP) are presented and discussed in comparison with data from non-flooded upland (terra firme) forests Fine litterfall in old-growth floodplain forests are similar to litterfall data from terra firme forests The few existing estimates of root biomass in nutrient-rich white-water floodplain forests (varzea) indicate lower belowground biomasses in floodplain forests than in terra firme forests due to regular flooding which limits the development of deep roots Along the chronosequence, C-storage in the aboveground coarse live wood biomass (AGWB) of varzea forests indicates a strong increase during the first 50–80 years of successional development, but afterwards no increase in AGWB can be observed On the other hand C-sequestration in the AGWB of varzea forests declines more than threefold along the successional gradient In comparison to terra firme forest, the varzea forests have lower C-stocks, but a higher C-sequestration in the AGWB The estimated aboveground NPP in young successional stages of the central Amazonian varzea is among the highest NPP known for tropical forests, while the NPP of the late succession in the varzea is in the upper range of the NPP of old-growth forests in the terra firme The available database for nutrient-poor floodplain forests (igapo) is insufficient to estimate their NPP Climate-growth relationships of tree-ring chronologies of species from central Amazonian terra firme and floodplain forests indicate opposing signals during El Nino years During these events large areas of terra firme forests release carbon to the atmosphere due to the warmer and drier climate conditions, while the weakened flood-pulse favours tree growth in the floodplain forests which might therefore sequester parts of the climate-induced carbon emissions of terra firme forestsread more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
A Classification of Major Naturally-Occurring Amazonian Lowland Wetlands
Wolfgang J. Junk,Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade,Jochen Schöngart,Mario Cohn-Haft,J. Marion Adeney,Florian Wittmann +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a classification system for large Amazonian wetland types based on climatic, hydrological, hydrochemical, and botanical parameters is proposed, which divides natural wetlands into one group with rather stable water levels and another with oscillating water levels.
Journal Article
Seasonal evolution of the albedo of multiyear Arctic sea ice : The surface heat budget of arctic ocen (SHEBA)
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured spectral and wavelength-integrated albedo on multi-year sea ice from a 200m survey line from April through October and observed changes in the evolution of albedos.
Journal ArticleDOI
Brazilian wetlands: their definition, delineation, and classification for research, sustainable management, and protection
Wolfgang J. Junk,Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade,Reinaldo Lourival,Florian Wittmann,Patricia Kandus,Luiz Drude de Lacerda,Reinaldo Luiz Bozelli,Francisco de Assis Esteves,C. Nunes da Cunha,Leonardo Maltchik,Jochen Schöngart,Yara Schaeffer-Novelli,Angelo Antonio Agostinho +12 more
TL;DR: In this article, a synthesis of the current body of knowledge on the distribution, hydrology, and vegetation cover of Brazilian wetlands is provided in order to establish a scientific basis for discussions on a national wetland policy that mandates the sustainable management of Brazil's extremely diverse and complex wetlands.
Journal ArticleDOI
Amazon River carbon dioxide outgassing fuelled by wetlands
Gwenaël Abril,Jean-Michel Martinez,L. Felipe Artigas,Patricia Moreira-Turcq,Marc F. Benedetti,Luciana O. Vidal,Tarik Meziane,Jung-Hyun Kim,Marcelo Bernardes,Nicolas Savoye,Jonathan Deborde,Edivaldo Lima Souza,Patrick Albéric,Marcelo Friederichs Landim de Souza,Fábio Roland +14 more
TL;DR: Wetland carbon export is potentially large enough to account for at least the 0.21 petagrams of carbon emitted per year as CO2 from the central Amazon River and its floodplains, suggesting a substantial fraction of CO2 evasion from inland waters.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO): overview of pilot measurements on ecosystem ecology, meteorology, trace gases, and aerosols
Meinrat O. Andreae,Meinrat O. Andreae,Otávio C. Acevedo,Alessandro Araújo,Paulo Artaxo,Cybelli G. G. Barbosa,Henrique M. J. Barbosa,Joel Brito,Samara Carbone,Xuguang Chi,Bruno Barçante Ladvocat Cintra,N. F. da Silva,Nelson Luís Dias,Cléo Q. Dias-Júnior,Florian Ditas,Reiner Ditz,Ana F. L. Godoi,Ricardo H. M. Godoi,Martin Heimann,Thorsten Hoffmann,J. Kesselmeier,Tobias Könemann,M. L. Krüger,Jost V. Lavric,Antonio O. Manzi,Aline Pontes Lopes,Demétrius Lira Martins,Eugene Mikhailov,Eugene Mikhailov,Daniel Moran-Zuloaga,Bruce Walker Nelson,A. C. Nölscher,D. Santos Nogueira,Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade,Christopher Pöhlker,Ulrich Pöschl,Carlos A. Quesada,Luciana V. Rizzo,Chul-Un Ro,Nina Ruckteschler,Leonardo D. A. Sá,M. de Oliveira Sá,C. B. Sales,R. M. N. dos Santos,Jorge Saturno,Jochen Schöngart,Jochen Schöngart,Matthias Sörgel,C. M. de Souza,C. M. de Souza,R. A. F. de Souza,Hang Su,Natalia Targhetta,Julio Tota,Ivonne Trebs,Susan E. Trumbore,A. van Eijck,David Walter,Zhibin Wang,Bettina Weber,Jonathan Williams,J. Winderlich,Florian Wittmann,Stefan Wolff,Stefan Wolff,Ana Maria Yáñez-Serrano,Ana Maria Yáñez-Serrano +66 more
TL;DR: The Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) as discussed by the authors is a tall tower observatory that provides a baseline record of present-day climatic, biogeochemical, and atmospheric conditions and that will be operated over coming decades to monitor change in the Amazon region.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Global Consequences of Land Use
Jonathan A. Foley,Ruth DeFries,Gregory P. Asner,Carol C. Barford,Gordon B. Bonan,Stephen R. Carpenter,F. Stuart Chapin,Michael T. Coe,Michael T. Coe,Gretchen C. Daily,Holly K. Gibbs,Joseph H. Helkowski,Tracey Holloway,Erica A. Howard,Christopher J. Kucharik,Chad Monfreda,Jonathan A. Patz,I. Colin Prentice,Navin Ramankutty,Peter K. Snyder +19 more
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a global model to estimate emissions of volatile organic compounds from natural sources (NVOC), which has a highly resolved spatial grid and generates hourly average emission estimates.
Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
Tree allometry and improved estimation of carbon stocks and balance in tropical forests
Jérôme Chave,C. Andalo,Sandra Brown,Michael A. Cairns,Jeffrey Q. Chambers,Derek Eamus,H. Fölster,François Fromard,Niro Higuchi,T. Kira,J. P. Lescure,Bruce Walker Nelson,H. Ogawa,H. Puig,B. Riera,Takuo Yamakura +15 more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Climate Change, Deforestation, and the Fate of the Amazon
Yadvinder Malhi,J. Timmons Roberts,Richard Betts,Timothy J. Killeen,Wenhong Li,Carlos A. Nobre +5 more
TL;DR: The forest biome of Amazonia is one of Earth's greatest biological treasures and a major component of the Earth system, and this century, it faces the dual threats of deforestation and stress from climate change.