Journal ArticleDOI
Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors: Positioning Cells for Host Defense and Immunity
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TLDR
This review focuses on recent advances in understanding how the chemokine system orchestrates immune cell migration and positioning at the organismic level in homeostasis, in acute inflammation, and during the generation and regulation of adoptive primary and secondary immune responses in the lymphoid system and peripheral nonlymphoid tissue.Abstract:
Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that control the migratory patterns and positioning of all immune cells. Although chemokines were initially appreciated as important mediators of acute inflammation, we now know that this complex system of approximately 50 endogenous chemokine ligands and 20 G protein–coupled seven-transmembrane signaling receptors is also critical for the generation of primary and secondary adaptive cellular and humoral immune responses. Recent studies demonstrate important roles for the chemokine system in the priming of naive T cells, in cell fate decisions such as effector and memory cell differentiation, and in regulatory T cell function. In this review, we focus on recent advances in understanding how the chemokine system orchestrates immune cell migration and positioning at the organismic level in homeostasis, in acute inflammation, and during the generation and regulation of adoptive primary and secondary immune responses in the lymphoid system and peripheral nonlymphoid tissue.read more
Citations
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Normal Thymocyte Egress, T Cell Trafficking, and CD4+ T Cell Homeostasis Require Interactions between RGS Proteins and Gαi2.
TL;DR: It is shown how RGS proteins modulate Gαi2 signaling to facilitate thymocyte egress and T cell trafficking and homeostasis.
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Mycobacterium indicus pranii Induced Memory T-Cells in Lung Airways Are Sentinels for Improved Protection Against M.tb Infection.
TL;DR: It is shown that intranasal (i.n.) immunization of mice with MIP resulted in a significant recruitment of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells expressing activation markers in the lung airway lumen, which transferred protective immunity into naïve mice against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection and helped reducing the pulmonary bacterial burden.
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CCR2-overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells targeting damaged liver enhance recovery of acute liver failure
Rui-Ming Xu,Beibei Ni,Li Wang,Jiarou Shan,Lijie Pan,Yizhan He,Guowei Lv,Huizhu Lin,Wenjie Chen,Qi Zhang +9 more
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors found that CCL2 expression was highly upregulated in damaged livers, while the corresponding receptor, CCR2, was lacking in cultured MSCs.
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Exploring the paradox of defense between host and Leishmania parasite
TL;DR: In this article , an immuno-biological overview of the factors influencing leishmaniasis is presented, which can aid in the unraveling/ identification of potential biomarkers, novel therapeutics, and vaccine candidates.
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Pro- and Antiangiogenic Factors in Gliomas: Implications for Novel Therapeutic Possibilities.
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of various proangiogenic factors in glioma angiogenesis as well as the differences between normal and tumoral angiogenic processes are discussed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Two subsets of memory T lymphocytes with distinct homing potentials and effector functions
TL;DR: It is shown that expression of CCR7, a chemokine receptor that controls homing to secondary lymphoid organs, divides human memory T cells into two functionally distinct subsets, which are named central memory (TCM) and effector memory (TEM).
Journal ArticleDOI
Neutrophil recruitment and function in health and inflammation
Elzbieta Kolaczkowska,Paul Kubes +1 more
TL;DR: The key features of the life of a neutrophil are discussed, from its release from bone marrow to its death, and the mechanisms that are used by neutrophils to promote protective or pathological immune responses at different sites are explained.
Journal ArticleDOI
Blood Monocytes Consist of Two Principal Subsets with Distinct Migratory Properties
TL;DR: Using a murine adoptive transfer system to probe monocyte homing and differentiation in vivo, two functional subsets among murine blood monocytes are identified: a short-lived CX(3)CR1(lo)CCR2(+)Gr1(+) subset that is actively recruited to inflamed tissues and a CX (3) CR1(hi)CCS1-dependent recruitment to noninflamed tissues.
Journal ArticleDOI
Circulating mitochondrial DAMPs cause inflammatory responses to injury
Qin Zhang,Mustafa Raoof,Yu Chen,Yuka Sumi,Tolga Sursal,Wolfgang G. Junger,Karim Brohi,Kiyoshi Itagaki,Carl J. Hauser +8 more
TL;DR: It is shown that injury releases mitochondrial DAMPs into the circulation with functionally important immune consequences, including formyl peptides and mitochondrial DNA, which promote PMN Ca2+ flux and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, thus leading to PMN migration and degranulation in vitro and in vivo.
Journal ArticleDOI
CCR7 coordinates the primary immune response by establishing functional microenvironments in secondary lymphoid organs.
Reinhold Förster,Andreas Schubel,Dagmar Breitfeld,Elisabeth Kremmer,Ingrid Renner-Müller,Eckhard Wolf,Martin Lipp +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the chemokine receptor CCR7 was identified as an important organizer of the primary immune response in mice, and severely delayed kinetics regarding the antibody response and lack contact sensitivity and delayed type hypersensitivity reactions.
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