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Journal ArticleDOI

Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors: Positioning Cells for Host Defense and Immunity

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TLDR
This review focuses on recent advances in understanding how the chemokine system orchestrates immune cell migration and positioning at the organismic level in homeostasis, in acute inflammation, and during the generation and regulation of adoptive primary and secondary immune responses in the lymphoid system and peripheral nonlymphoid tissue.
Abstract
Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that control the migratory patterns and positioning of all immune cells. Although chemokines were initially appreciated as important mediators of acute inflammation, we now know that this complex system of approximately 50 endogenous chemokine ligands and 20 G protein–coupled seven-transmembrane signaling receptors is also critical for the generation of primary and secondary adaptive cellular and humoral immune responses. Recent studies demonstrate important roles for the chemokine system in the priming of naive T cells, in cell fate decisions such as effector and memory cell differentiation, and in regulatory T cell function. In this review, we focus on recent advances in understanding how the chemokine system orchestrates immune cell migration and positioning at the organismic level in homeostasis, in acute inflammation, and during the generation and regulation of adoptive primary and secondary immune responses in the lymphoid system and peripheral nonlymphoid tissue.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

Potential of Cells and Cytokines/Chemokines to Regulate Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Human Diseases.

TL;DR: The formation of SLO is described, the cellular subsets and molecular cues involved in the formation and maintenance of TLS are described, and the associations of TLS with human diseases, especially autoimmune diseases, are discussed.
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Immune cell trafficking to the islets during type 1 diabetes.

TL;DR: Current knowledge of the factors that mediate immune cell trafficking to pancreatic islets during T1D progression are described and myeloid cells are described as a convergence point in the pathways controlling this process.
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Forced Expression of CXCL10 Prevents Liver Metastasis of Colon Carcinoma Cells by the Recruitment of Natural Killer Cells.

TL;DR: Findings indicate that CXCL10 prevents in vivo growth and metastasis of colon carcinoma cells by recruiting NK cells, suggesting that forced expression of CxCL10 in the colon tumors by gene delivery should lead to a favorable clinical outcome.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Two subsets of memory T lymphocytes with distinct homing potentials and effector functions

TL;DR: It is shown that expression of CCR7, a chemokine receptor that controls homing to secondary lymphoid organs, divides human memory T cells into two functionally distinct subsets, which are named central memory (TCM) and effector memory (TEM).
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Neutrophil recruitment and function in health and inflammation

TL;DR: The key features of the life of a neutrophil are discussed, from its release from bone marrow to its death, and the mechanisms that are used by neutrophils to promote protective or pathological immune responses at different sites are explained.
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Blood Monocytes Consist of Two Principal Subsets with Distinct Migratory Properties

TL;DR: Using a murine adoptive transfer system to probe monocyte homing and differentiation in vivo, two functional subsets among murine blood monocytes are identified: a short-lived CX(3)CR1(lo)CCR2(+)Gr1(+) subset that is actively recruited to inflamed tissues and a CX (3) CR1(hi)CCS1-dependent recruitment to noninflamed tissues.
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Circulating mitochondrial DAMPs cause inflammatory responses to injury

TL;DR: It is shown that injury releases mitochondrial DAMPs into the circulation with functionally important immune consequences, including formyl peptides and mitochondrial DNA, which promote PMN Ca2+ flux and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, thus leading to PMN migration and degranulation in vitro and in vivo.
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CCR7 coordinates the primary immune response by establishing functional microenvironments in secondary lymphoid organs.

TL;DR: In this paper, the chemokine receptor CCR7 was identified as an important organizer of the primary immune response in mice, and severely delayed kinetics regarding the antibody response and lack contact sensitivity and delayed type hypersensitivity reactions.
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