COVID-19 Vaccines: "Warp Speed" Needs Mind Melds, Not Warped Minds.
John P. Moore,Per Johan Klasse +1 more
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TLDR
The immunogenicity of leading vaccine candidates tested to date in animals and humans is summarized, which range from the hoped-for rapid success to a catastrophic adverse influence on vaccine uptake generally.Abstract:
In this review, we address issues that relate to the rapid "Warp Speed" development of vaccines to counter the COVID-19 pandemic. We review the antibody response that is triggered by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection of humans and how it may inform vaccine research. The isolation and properties of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies from COVID-19 patients provide additional information on what vaccines should try to elicit. The nature and longevity of the antibody response to coronaviruses are relevant to the potency and duration of vaccine-induced immunity. We summarize the immunogenicity of leading vaccine candidates tested to date in animals and humans and discuss the outcome and interpretation of virus challenge experiments in animals. By far the most immunogenic vaccine candidates for antibody responses are recombinant proteins, which were not included in the initial wave of Warp Speed immunogens. A substantial concern for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is adverse events, which we review by considering what was seen in studies of SARS-CoV-1 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) vaccines. We conclude by outlining the possible outcomes of the Warp Speed vaccine program, which range from the hoped-for rapid success to a catastrophic adverse influence on vaccine uptake generally.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Longitudinal observation and decline of neutralizing antibody responses in the three months following SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans.
Jeffrey Seow,Carl Graham,Blair Merrick,Sam Acors,Suzanne Pickering,Kathryn J. A. Steel,Oliver Hemmings,Aoife M O'Byrne,Neophytos Kouphou,Rui Pedro Galão,Gilberto Betancor,Harry Wilson,Adrian W. Signell,Helena Winstone,Claire Kerridge,Isabella Huettner,Jose M. Jimenez-Guardeño,Maria Jose Lista,Nigel J. Temperton,Luke B Snell,Karen Bisnauthsing,Amelia E. B. Moore,Adrian Green,Lauren Martinez,Brielle Stokes,Johanna Honey,Alba Izquierdo-Barras,Gill Arbane,Amita Patel,Mark Kia Ik Tan,Lorcan O’Connell,Geraldine O’Hara,Eithne MacMahon,Sam Douthwaite,Gaia Nebbia,Rahul Batra,Rocio T. Martinez-Nunez,Manu Shankar-Hari,Manu Shankar-Hari,Jonathan D. Edgeworth,Jonathan D. Edgeworth,Stuart J. D. Neil,Michael H. Malim,Katie J. Doores +43 more
TL;DR: The present study has important implications when considering widespread serological testing and antibody protection against reinfection with SARS-CoV-2, and may suggest that vaccine boosters are required to provide long-lasting protection.
Journal ArticleDOI
Viral targets for vaccines against COVID-19.
Lianpan Dai,George F. Gao +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss which viral elements are used in COVID-19 vaccine candidates, why they might act as good targets for the immune system and the implications for protective immunity.
Posted ContentDOI
Longitudinal evaluation and decline of antibody responses in SARS-CoV-2 infection
Jeffrey Seow,Carl Graham,Blair Merrick,Sam Acors,Kathyrn J.A. Steel,Oliver Hemmings,Aoife O’Bryne,Neophytos Kouphou,Suzanne Pickering,Rui Pedro Galão,Gilberto Betancor,Harry Wilson,Adrian W. Signell,Helena Winstone,Claire Kerridge,Nigel J. Temperton,Luke B Snell,Karen Bisnauthsing,Amelia E. B. Moore,Adrian Green,Lauren Martinez,Brielle Stokes,Johanna Honey,Alba Izquierdo-Barras,Gill Arbane,Amita Patel,Lorcan O’Connell,Geraldine O’Hara,Eithne MacMahon,Sam Douthwaite,Gaia Nebbia,Rahul Batra,Rocio T. Martinez-Nunez,Jonathan D. Edgeworth,Jonathan D. Edgeworth,Stuart J. D. Neil,Michael H. Malim,Katie J. Doores +37 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that this transient nAb response is a feature shared by both a SARS-CoV-2 infection that causes low disease severity and the circulating seasonal coronaviruses that are associated with common colds.
Journal ArticleDOI
Safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant tandem-repeat dimeric RBD-based protein subunit vaccine (ZF2001) against COVID-19 in adults: two randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1 and 2 trials.
Shilong Yang,Yan Li,Lianpan Dai,Jianfeng Wang,Peng He,Changgui Li,Xin Fang,Chenfei Wang,Xiang Zhao,Enqi Huang,Changwei Wu,Zaixin Zhong,F.S. Wang,Xiaomin Duan,Siyu Tian,Lili Wu,Yan Liu,Yi Luo,Zhihai Chen,Fangjun Li,Junhua Li,Xian Yu,Hong Ren,Lihong Liu,Shufang Meng,Jinghua Yan,Zhongyu Hu,Lidong Gao,George F. Gao +28 more
TL;DR: ZF2001 as discussed by the authors is a protein subunit vaccine against COVID-19 using a dimeric form of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as the antigen.
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