Embryonic Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Blastocysts
James A. Thomson,Joseph Itskovitz-Eldor,Sander S. Shapiro,Michelle A. Waknitz,Swiergiel Jennifer J,Vivienne S. Marshall,Jeffrey M. Jones +6 more
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TLDR
Human blastocyst-derived, pluripotent cell lines are described that have normal karyotypes, express high levels of telomerase activity, and express cell surface markers that characterize primate embryonic stem cells but do not characterize other early lineages.Abstract:
Human blastocyst-derived, pluripotent cell lines are described that have normal karyotypes, express high levels of telomerase activity, and express cell surface markers that characterize primate embryonic stem cells but do not characterize other early lineages. After undifferentiated proliferation in vitro for 4 to 5 months, these cells still maintained the developmental potential to form trophoblast and derivatives of all three embryonic germ layers, including gut epithelium (endoderm); cartilage, bone, smooth muscle, and striated muscle (mesoderm); and neural epithelium, embryonic ganglia, and stratified squamous epithelium (ectoderm). These cell lines should be useful in human developmental biology, drug discovery, and transplantation medicine.read more
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Pluripotency and Cellular Reprogramming: Facts, Hypotheses, Unresolved Issues
TL;DR: A review of recent advances in this rapidly moving field can be found in this paper, where the authors emphasize unresolved and controversial questions regarding the epigenetic stability of the differentiated cell state.
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Neural induction, the default model and embryonic stem cells
TL;DR: The role of fibroblast growth factors and Wnt proteins in neural induction and in the regulation of BMP signalling in the ectoderm of Xenopus laevis and chick embryos are discussed and evidence from mouse embryonic stem cells that supports the default model of neural induction is discussed.
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Senescence impairs successful reprogramming to pluripotent stem cells
Ana Banito,Sheikh Tamir Rashid,Juan Carlos Acosta,Si De Li,Carlos Filipe Pereira,Imbisaat Geti,Sandra Pinho,José C. R. Silva,Véronique Azuara,Martin J. Walsh,Ludovic Vallier,Jesús Gil +11 more
TL;DR: Crucially, ablation of different senescence effectors improves the efficiency of reprogramming, suggesting novel strategies for maximizing the generation of iPS cells.
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Growth of Engineered Human Myocardium With Mechanical Loading and Vascular Coculture
Nathaniel L. Tulloch,Veronica Muskheli,Maria V. Razumova,F. Steven Korte,Michael Regnier,Kip D. Hauch,Lil Pabon,Hans Reinecke,Charles E. Murry +8 more
TL;DR: The results indicate that both mechanical load and vascular cell coculture control cardiomyocyte proliferation, and that mechanical load further controls the hypertrophy and architecture of engineered human myocardium.
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Aging of mesenchymal stem cells
TL;DR: While the literature might often appear to conflict, many apparent discrepancies are attributable to inconsistent methods of extracting and isolating MSC which in fact contains various subsets of adult stem cells, varying not only in their differentiation potential but also in their vulnerability to senescence--ranging from quasi-somatic lifespan to perennial vigour.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Establishment in culture of pluripotential cells from mouse embryos
TL;DR: The establishment in tissue culture of pluripotent cell lines which have been isolated directly from in vitro cultures of mouse blastocysts are reported, able to differentiate either in vitro or after innoculation into a mouse as a tumour in vivo.
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The serial cultivation of human diploid cell strains.
Leonard Hayflick,P.S. Moorhead +1 more
TL;DR: A consideration of the cause of the eventual degeneration of these strains leads to the hypothesis that non-cumulative external factors are excluded and that the phenomenon is attributable to intrinsic factors which are expressed as senescence at the cellular level.
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Isolation of a pluripotent cell line from early mouse embryos cultured in medium conditioned by teratocarcinoma stem cells
TL;DR: In this article, the authors described the establishment directly from normal preimplantation mouse embryos of a cell line that forms teratocarcinomas when injected into mice and demonstrated the pluripotency of these embryonic stem cells by the observation that subclonal cultures, derived from isolated single cells, can differentiate into a wide variety of cell types.
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Extension of life-span by introduction of telomerase into normal human cells
Andrea G. Bodnar,Michel M. Ouellette,Maria Frolkis,Shawn E. Holt,Choy-Pik Chiu,Gregg B. Morin,Calvin B. Harley,Jerry W. Shay,Serge Lichtsteiner,Woodring E. Wright +9 more
TL;DR: In this article, two telomerase-negative normal human cell types, retinal pigment epithelial cells and foreskin fibroblasts, were transfected with vectors encoding the human telomere catalytic subunit.
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Telomere length predicts replicative capacity of human fibroblasts.
Richard C. Allsopp,Homayoun Vaziri,Christopher Patterson,S Goldstein,Edward V. Younglai,A B Futcher,Carol W. Greider,Calvin B. Harley +7 more
TL;DR: Telomere length is a biomarker of somatic cell aging in humans and is consistent with a causal role for telomere loss in this process, and fibroblasts from Hutchinson-Gilford progeria donors had short telomeres, consistent with their reduced division potential in vitro.