Embryonic Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Blastocysts
James A. Thomson,Joseph Itskovitz-Eldor,Sander S. Shapiro,Michelle A. Waknitz,Swiergiel Jennifer J,Vivienne S. Marshall,Jeffrey M. Jones +6 more
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TLDR
Human blastocyst-derived, pluripotent cell lines are described that have normal karyotypes, express high levels of telomerase activity, and express cell surface markers that characterize primate embryonic stem cells but do not characterize other early lineages.Abstract:
Human blastocyst-derived, pluripotent cell lines are described that have normal karyotypes, express high levels of telomerase activity, and express cell surface markers that characterize primate embryonic stem cells but do not characterize other early lineages. After undifferentiated proliferation in vitro for 4 to 5 months, these cells still maintained the developmental potential to form trophoblast and derivatives of all three embryonic germ layers, including gut epithelium (endoderm); cartilage, bone, smooth muscle, and striated muscle (mesoderm); and neural epithelium, embryonic ganglia, and stratified squamous epithelium (ectoderm). These cell lines should be useful in human developmental biology, drug discovery, and transplantation medicine.read more
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Specification and epigenetic programming of the human germ line.
Walfred W. C. Tang,Toshihiro Kobayashi,Naoko Irie,Sabine Dietmann,Sabine Dietmann,M. Azim Surani +5 more
TL;DR: The overall developmental dynamics of human and mouse germline cells appear to be similar, but there are crucial mechanistic differences in PGC specification, reflecting divergence in the regulation of pluripotency and early development.
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Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells to Neural Lineages in Adherent Culture by Blocking Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling
TL;DR: It is shown that inhibition of bone morphogenetic protein signaling by its antagonist noggin is sufficient to block extraembryonic cell fate, transiently sustain Oct4 gene expression, and result in robust production of neural progenitors.
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X-chromosome inactivation and epigenetic fluidity in human embryonic stem cells
TL;DR: It is concluded that hESC lines are subject to dynamic epigenetic reprogramming ex vivo, given that XCI and cell differentiation are tightly linked, and implications for h ESC pluripotency and differentiation potential are considered.
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Adult stem cell plasticity: Fact or artifact?
TL;DR: There has been unprecedented recent interest in stem cells, mainly because of the hope they offer for cell therapy, and examples of plasticity where differentiated cells or their precursors can be reprogrammed by extracellular cues to alter their character in ways that could have important implications for cell Therapy and other forms of regenerative treatment.
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Generation of functional platelets from human embryonic stem cells in vitro via ES-sacs, VEGF-promoted structures that concentrate hematopoietic progenitors
Naoya Takayama,Hidekazu Nishikii,Joichi Usui,Hiroko Tsukui,Akira Sawaguchi,Takashi Hiroyama,Koji Eto,Hiromitsu Nakauchi +7 more
TL;DR: This novel protocol provides a means of generating platelets from hESCs, which could serve as the basis for efficient production of platelets for clinical transfusion and studies of thrombopoiesis.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Establishment in culture of pluripotential cells from mouse embryos
TL;DR: The establishment in tissue culture of pluripotent cell lines which have been isolated directly from in vitro cultures of mouse blastocysts are reported, able to differentiate either in vitro or after innoculation into a mouse as a tumour in vivo.
Journal ArticleDOI
The serial cultivation of human diploid cell strains.
Leonard Hayflick,P.S. Moorhead +1 more
TL;DR: A consideration of the cause of the eventual degeneration of these strains leads to the hypothesis that non-cumulative external factors are excluded and that the phenomenon is attributable to intrinsic factors which are expressed as senescence at the cellular level.
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Isolation of a pluripotent cell line from early mouse embryos cultured in medium conditioned by teratocarcinoma stem cells
TL;DR: In this article, the authors described the establishment directly from normal preimplantation mouse embryos of a cell line that forms teratocarcinomas when injected into mice and demonstrated the pluripotency of these embryonic stem cells by the observation that subclonal cultures, derived from isolated single cells, can differentiate into a wide variety of cell types.
Journal ArticleDOI
Extension of life-span by introduction of telomerase into normal human cells
Andrea G. Bodnar,Michel M. Ouellette,Maria Frolkis,Shawn E. Holt,Choy-Pik Chiu,Gregg B. Morin,Calvin B. Harley,Jerry W. Shay,Serge Lichtsteiner,Woodring E. Wright +9 more
TL;DR: In this article, two telomerase-negative normal human cell types, retinal pigment epithelial cells and foreskin fibroblasts, were transfected with vectors encoding the human telomere catalytic subunit.
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Telomere length predicts replicative capacity of human fibroblasts.
Richard C. Allsopp,Homayoun Vaziri,Christopher Patterson,S Goldstein,Edward V. Younglai,A B Futcher,Carol W. Greider,Calvin B. Harley +7 more
TL;DR: Telomere length is a biomarker of somatic cell aging in humans and is consistent with a causal role for telomere loss in this process, and fibroblasts from Hutchinson-Gilford progeria donors had short telomeres, consistent with their reduced division potential in vitro.