Emerging roles of Nrf2 and phase II antioxidant enzymes in neuroprotection.
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TLDR
There is a need to summarize the current literature on phase II genes in the central nervous system (CNS) to help guide future studies on phase I, II and III genes as therapeutic targets in neurological diseases.About:
This article is published in Progress in Neurobiology.The article was published on 2013-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 465 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Antioxidant Response Elements & Neuroprotection.read more
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Combination therapy in combating cancer.
Reza Bayat Mokhtari,Reza Bayat Mokhtari,Tina S. Homayouni,Narges Baluch,Evgeniya Morgatskaya,Sushil Kumar,Bikul Das,Herman Yeger +7 more
TL;DR: An approach that combines repurposed pharmaceutical agents with other therapeutics has shown promising results in mitigating tumour burden, and this systematic review discusses important pathways commonly targeted in cancer therapy.
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Melatonin: an ancient molecule that makes oxygen metabolically tolerable.
Lucien C. Manchester,Ana Coto-Montes,José Antonio Boga,Lars Peter Holst Andersen,Zhou Zhou,Annia Galano,Jerry Vriend,Dun Xian Tan,Russel J. Reiter +8 more
TL;DR: It is hypothesized that the initial and primary function of melatonin in photosynthetic cyanobacteria, which appeared on Earth 3.5–3.2 billion years ago, was as an antioxidant and that the melatonin‐synthesizing actions of the engulfed bacteria were retained when these organelles became mitochondria and chloroplasts, respectively.
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Mechanisms of activation of the transcription factor Nrf2 by redox stressors, nutrient cues, and energy status and the pathways through which it attenuates degenerative disease
Lauren E. Tebay,Holly Robertson,Stephen T. Durant,Steven Vitale,Trevor M. Penning,Albena T. Dinkova-Kostova,John D. Hayes +6 more
TL;DR: Nrf2 activity is tightly controlled via CRLKeap1 and SCFβ-TrCP by oxidative stress and energy-based signals, allowing it to mediate adaptive responses that restore redox homeostasis and modulate intermediary metabolism.
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Pathogenic mechanisms following ischemic stroke
TL;DR: The underlying pathophysiology of ischemic stroke is reviewed and the intertwined pathways that are promising therapeutic targets are revealed, leading to the development of numerous agents that target various injury pathways.
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Nrf2-ARE pathway: An emerging target against oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases.
TL;DR: The role of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) as a potential target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases is addressed and deregulation of the Nrf2 pathway in different NDDs is reviewed.
References
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Mutations in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene are associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
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Motor neuron degeneration in mice that express a human Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase mutation.
Mark E. Gurney,Haifeng Pu,Arlene Y. Chiu,Mauro C. Dal Canto,Cynthia Y. Polchow,Denise D. Alexander,Jan Caliendo,Afif Hentati,Young W. Kwon,Han Xiang Deng,W. Chen,Ping Zhai,Robert L. Sufit,Teepu Siddique +13 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors found that mutations of human Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) contribute to the pathogenesis of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
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An nrf2/small maf heterodimer mediates the induction of phase ii detoxifying enzyme genes through antioxidant response elements
Ken Itoh,Tomoki Chiba,Satoru Takahashi,Tetsuro Ishii,Kazuhiko Igarashi,Yasutake Katoh,Tatsuya Oyake,Norio Hayashi,Kimihiko Satoh,Ichiro Hatayama,Masayuki Yamamoto,Yo-ichi Nabeshima +11 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that Nrf2 is essential for the transcriptional induction of phase II enzymes and the presence of a coordinate transcriptional regulatory mechanism for phase II enzyme genes and the nrf2-deficient mice may prove to be a very useful model for the in vivo analysis of chemical carcinogenesis and resistance to anti-cancer drugs.
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Bilirubin is an antioxidant of possible physiological importance
TL;DR: The data support the idea of a "beneficial" role for bilirubin as a physiological, chain-breaking antioxidant.