Journal ArticleDOI
Executive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: a review.
TLDR
This review discusses how executive deficits relate to pathology in specific territories of the basal ganglia, consider the impact of dopaminergic treatment on executive function (EF) in this context, and review the changes in EFs with disease progression.Abstract:
Executive dysfunction can be present from the early stages of Parkinson's disease (PD). It is characterized by deficits in internal control of attention, set shifting, planning, inhibitory control, dual task performance, and on a range of decision-making and social cognition tasks. Treatment with dopaminergic medication has variable effects on executive deficits, improving some, leaving some unchanged, and worsening others. In this review, we start by defining the specific nature of executive dysfunction in PD and describe suitable neuropsychological tests. We then discuss how executive deficits relate to pathology in specific territories of the basal ganglia, consider the impact of dopaminergic treatment on executive function (EF) in this context, and review the changes in EFs with disease progression. In later sections, we summarize correlates of executive dysfunction in PD with motor performance (e.g., postural instability, freezing of gait) and a variety of psychiatric (e.g., depression, apathy) and other clinical symptoms, and finally discuss the implications of these for the patients' daily life.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Unhealthy gut, unhealthy brain: The role of the intestinal microbiota in neurodegenerative diseases.
TL;DR: An interpretation is provided for the substantial evidence that healthy intestinal microbiota have the ability to positively regulate the neuroimmune responses in the central nervous system as well as microorganism‐induced modifications to intestinal and BBB permeability.
Journal ArticleDOI
Functional connectivity in the basal ganglia network differentiates PD patients from controls.
Konrad Szewczyk-Krolikowski,Menke Ral.,Michal Rolinski,Eugene P. Duff,Gholamreza Salimi-Khorshidi,Nicola Filippini,Giovanna Zamboni,Hu Mtm.,Clare E. Mackay +8 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that resting functional connectivity, measured with MRI using an observer-independent method, is reproducibly reduced in the BGN in cognitively intact patients with PD, and increases upon administration of dopaminergic medication.
Journal ArticleDOI
Parkinson's disease, the subthalamic nucleus, inhibition, and impulsivity.
TL;DR: A body of evidence supports the role of the STN in inhibitory and executive control in patients with PD, as well as the psychiatric side effects of STN‐DBS.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of dual tasks and dual-task training on postural stability: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
TL;DR: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to analyze the effects of dual task and training application on static and dynamic postural stability among various population groups and discusses the significance of verbalization in a dual-task setting for increasing cognitive–motor interference.
Journal ArticleDOI
The impact of Tai Chi and Qigong mind-body exercises on motor and non-motor function and quality of life in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Rhayun Song,W. Grabowska,Moonkyoung Park,Kamila Osypiuk,Gloria Vergara-Diaz,Paolo Bonato,Jeffrey M. Hausdorff,Michael D. Fox,Lewis Sudarsky,Eric A. Macklin,Peter M. Wayne +10 more
TL;DR: Evidence to date supports a potential benefit of TCQ for improving motor function, depression and QOL for individuals with PD, and validates the need for additional large-scale trials.
References
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