Journal ArticleDOI
Executive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: a review.
TLDR
This review discusses how executive deficits relate to pathology in specific territories of the basal ganglia, consider the impact of dopaminergic treatment on executive function (EF) in this context, and review the changes in EFs with disease progression.Abstract:
Executive dysfunction can be present from the early stages of Parkinson's disease (PD). It is characterized by deficits in internal control of attention, set shifting, planning, inhibitory control, dual task performance, and on a range of decision-making and social cognition tasks. Treatment with dopaminergic medication has variable effects on executive deficits, improving some, leaving some unchanged, and worsening others. In this review, we start by defining the specific nature of executive dysfunction in PD and describe suitable neuropsychological tests. We then discuss how executive deficits relate to pathology in specific territories of the basal ganglia, consider the impact of dopaminergic treatment on executive function (EF) in this context, and review the changes in EFs with disease progression. In later sections, we summarize correlates of executive dysfunction in PD with motor performance (e.g., postural instability, freezing of gait) and a variety of psychiatric (e.g., depression, apathy) and other clinical symptoms, and finally discuss the implications of these for the patients' daily life.read more
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Book ChapterDOI
Animal models of action control and cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
TL;DR: The integration of cognition from the precursors to motor movement, particularly movement associated with goal-directed action, is discussed in this article , which may have significant benefits for developing new approaches to the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Testing the dopamine overdose hypothesis in action control: A study in people with Parkinson's disease.
TL;DR: Results showed no indications that dopaminergic medication affects action selection and initiation or conflict adaptation in PD patients, suggesting that the dopamine overdose hypothesis may only apply to a specific set of cognitive processes and should potentially be refined.
Journal ArticleDOI
Do Impulse Control Disorders Impair Car Driving Performance in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease?
TL;DR: In this paper , the influence of impulsive control disorders (ICD) on driving ability in Parkinson's disease patients was investigated and the results showed that ICD severity did not correlate with driving performance, but the latter correlated significantly with mean reaction times and certain neuropsychiatric tests.
Book ChapterDOI
Striatal Mechanisms of Associative Learning and Dysfunction in Neurological Disease
TL;DR: This chapter will explore the neural mechanisms that underlie this cognitive process—associative learning—with a specific focus on a cluster of subcortical gray masses collectively known as the basal ganglia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Analyses of n-back high-load working memory in early Parkinson's disease: An fMRI study
TL;DR: In this paper , the activation of brain regions in early Parkinson's disease patients during verbal high-load cognitive tasks and to explore the correlation between cognitive behavior indexes and gray matter areas of brain structure.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function
Earl K. Miller,Jonathan D. Cohen +1 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that cognitive control stems from the active maintenance of patterns of activity in the prefrontal cortex that represent goals and the means to achieve them, which provide bias signals to other brain structures whose net effect is to guide the flow of activity along neural pathways that establish the proper mappings between inputs, internal states, and outputs needed to perform a given task.
Journal ArticleDOI
Validity of the Trail Making Test as an Indicator of Organic Brain Damage
Book ChapterDOI
Attention to action: willed and automatic control of behavior
Donald A. Norman,Tim Shallice +1 more
TL;DR: This chapter proposes a theoretical framework structured around the notion of a set of active schemas, organized according to the particular action sequences of which they are a part, awaiting the appropriate set of conditions so that they can become selected to control action.