Journal ArticleDOI
Executive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: a review.
TLDR
This review discusses how executive deficits relate to pathology in specific territories of the basal ganglia, consider the impact of dopaminergic treatment on executive function (EF) in this context, and review the changes in EFs with disease progression.Abstract:
Executive dysfunction can be present from the early stages of Parkinson's disease (PD). It is characterized by deficits in internal control of attention, set shifting, planning, inhibitory control, dual task performance, and on a range of decision-making and social cognition tasks. Treatment with dopaminergic medication has variable effects on executive deficits, improving some, leaving some unchanged, and worsening others. In this review, we start by defining the specific nature of executive dysfunction in PD and describe suitable neuropsychological tests. We then discuss how executive deficits relate to pathology in specific territories of the basal ganglia, consider the impact of dopaminergic treatment on executive function (EF) in this context, and review the changes in EFs with disease progression. In later sections, we summarize correlates of executive dysfunction in PD with motor performance (e.g., postural instability, freezing of gait) and a variety of psychiatric (e.g., depression, apathy) and other clinical symptoms, and finally discuss the implications of these for the patients' daily life.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
A fronto–striato–subthalamic–pallidal network for goal-directed and habitual inhibition
TL;DR: It is suggested that imbalance between goal-directed and habitual action and inhibition contributes to some manifestations of Parkinson's disease, Tourette syndrome and obsessive–compulsive disorder and is proposed that basal ganglia surgery improves these disorders by restoring a functional balance between facilitation and inhibition.
Journal ArticleDOI
Parkinson's disease dementia: a neural networks perspective
TL;DR: It is argued that Parkinson’s disease dementia reflects dysfunction in seven distinct brain networks, with implications for therapeutic approaches.
Journal ArticleDOI
Techniques and Methods for Testing the Postural Function in Healthy and Pathological Subjects.
Thierry Paillard,Frédéric Noé +1 more
TL;DR: The aim of this review was to present and justify the different testing techniques and methods with their different quantitative and qualitative variables to make it possible to precisely evaluate each sensory, central, and motor component of the postural function according to the experiment protocol under consideration.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neuromechanical Principles Underlying Movement Modularity and Their Implications for Rehabilitation
Lena H. Ting,Lena H. Ting,Hillel J. Chiel,Randy D. Trumbower,Randy D. Trumbower,Jessica L. Allen,J. Lucas McKay,Madeleine E. Hackney,Trisha M. Kesar,Trisha M. Kesar +9 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that motor module organization is disrupted and may be improved by therapy in spinal cord injury, stroke, and Parkinson's disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Network connectivity determines cortical thinning in early Parkinson’s disease progression
Yvonne H. C. Yau,Yashar Zeighami,Travis E. Baker,Travis E. Baker,Kevin Larcher,Uku Vainik,Uku Vainik,Mahsa Dadar,Vladimir S. Fonov,Patric Hagmann,Alessandra Griffa,Bratislav Misic,D.L. Collins,Alain Dagher +13 more
TL;DR: It is found that cortical thinning followed neural connectivity from a “disease reservoir” in Parkinson’s disease patients, suggesting that disease propagation to the cortex in PD follows neuronal connectivity and that disease spread to the cerebral cortex may herald the onset of cognitive impairment.
References
More filters
Medication impairs probabilistic classification learning in Parkinson's disease (vol 48, pg 1096, 2010)
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of levodopa medication on learning on the weather prediction task (WPT), which involves probabilistic classification learning, was investigated, and the significant deterioration of learning on WPT in Parkinson's disease patients when on compared to off medication supports the proposal that tonic increase of dopamine with dopaminergic medication masks phasic changes in dopamine release essential for learning.
Journal ArticleDOI
The relation between cognition and motor dysfunction in drug-naive newly diagnosed patients with Parkinson's disease.
TL;DR: The results indicate a shared system for slow movement and inflexible thinking that may be controlled by a dopaminergic network different from dopamine networks involved in tremor and/or rigidity, which may point to overlapping systems or pathologies related to these abilities.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of Parkinson disease on two putative nondeclarative learning tasks: probabilistic classification and gambling.
TL;DR: The PCL and IGT tasks appear to rely on different parts of the frontostriatal circuitry in patients with early PD, implying ventromedial prefrontal cortical dysfunction early in the disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Activation of basal ganglia loops in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease: a PET study
TL;DR: Missing frontoorbital and frontomesial activity in patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s syndrome may indicate an impairment of the basal ganglia loop in IPS, connecting those regions to the thalamus via the ventral striate.
Journal ArticleDOI
Medication impairs probabilistic classification learning in Parkinson's disease.
TL;DR: The significant deterioration of learning on the WPT in PD patients when on compared to off medication supports the proposal that tonic increase of dopamine with dopaminergic medication masks phasic changes in dopamine release essential for learning.